A nurse is assessing a preterm newborn and notes the presence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Which intervention should the nurse anticipate in the plan of care?
Administering antibiotics to treat infection
Providing phototherapy to treat jaundice
Administering surfactant to improve lung function
Scheduling regular eye examinations
The Correct Answer is D
Scheduling regular eye examinations.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease that can happen in babies who are premature or who weigh less than 3 pounds at birth. ROP happens when abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina, which can cause vision loss or blindness.
The best way to prevent and treat ROP is to monitor the retinal development and detect any signs of abnormal blood vessel growth early. This can be done by regular eye examinations by an ophthalmologist. Some babies with mild ROP may get better without treatment, but some may need laser treatment, eye injections, or surgery to stop the abnormal blood vessels and prevent retinal detachment.
Choice A is wrong because antibiotics are not used to treat ROP.
Antibiotics are used to treat infections, which are not the cause of ROP.
Choice B is wrong because phototherapy is not used to treat ROP.
Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice, which is a condition where the skin and eyes turn yellow due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
Jaundice is not related to ROP.
Choice C is wrong because surfactant is not used to treat ROP.
Surfactant is a substance that helps the lungs function properly by reducing the surface tension of the air sacs.
Surfactant may be given to premature babies who have respiratory distress syndrome, which is a lung problem that can affect their oxygen levels. However, surfactant does not directly affect the retina or the blood vessels in the eye.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Administering corticosteroids.Corticosteroids are drugs that can speed up the development of the baby’s lungs and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome and other complications of preterm birth.They are usually given to pregnant women who are at risk of preterm delivery between 24 0/7 weeks and 33 6/7 weeks of gestation.
Choice A is wrong because administering intravenous fluids does not enhance fetal lung maturity.
It may be used to treat dehydration or prevent hypotension, but it has no effect on the baby’s lungs.
Choice B is wrong because administering tocolytics does not enhance fetal lung maturity.
Tocolytics are drugs that can delay preterm labor for a short time, but they do not improve the baby’s lung function.
Choice D is wrong because providing emotional support does not enhance fetal lung maturity.
It may help the mother cope with stress and anxiety, but it does not affect the baby’s lungs.
Fetal lung maturity is the condition of the baby’s lungs being able to breathe normally after birth.It involves several developmental processes, such as the formation of alveoli, bronchi, and surfactant.
Fetal lungs are usually mature by 36 weeks of gestation, but some babies may need steroids to speed up lung development if they are at risk of preterm birth.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A decrease in fetal heart rate can indicate fetal distress due to infection, hypoxia, or cord compression.
Normal fetal heart rate is between 110 and 160 beats per minute.
Choice B. Increased uterine contractions is wrong because it is a normal sign of pre-term labor and does not necessarily indicate infection.
Choice C. Decreased fluid intake is wrong because it is not a specific sign of infection and can have other causes such as nausea, vomiting, or decreased thirst.
Choice D. Decreased cervical changes is wrong because it is also not a specific sign of infection and can indicate ineffective contractions or cervical incompetence.
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