A nurse is assessing a client who is withdrawing from alcohol. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply).

Tremors.

Insomnia.

Severe hypotension.

Hyperglycemia.

Visual hallucinations.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,E

Choice A rationale:

Tremors. Rationale: Tremors can be a withdrawal symptom associated with alcohol withdrawal. These tremors are often referred to as "alcohol shakes" and are a result of the central nervous system adapting to the sudden absence of alcohol.

Choice B rationale:

Insomnia. Rationale: Insomnia is a common withdrawal symptom during alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol disrupts sleep patterns, and when a person stops drinking, their sleep cycle may be disturbed, leading to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.

Choice C rationale:

Severe hypotension. Rationale: Severe hypotension, or very low blood pressure, is not a prominent withdrawal symptom of alcohol. Alcohol withdrawal can lead to an increase in blood pressure rather than severe hypotension.

Choice D rationale:

Hyperglycemia. Rationale: Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is not a direct withdrawal symptom of alcohol. However, chronic alcohol use can affect blood sugar regulation over time. During acute withdrawal, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is more common due to altered metabolism.

Choice E rationale:

Visual hallucinations. Rationale: This statement is correct. Visual hallucinations can occur during alcohol withdrawal and are often indicative of a more severe withdrawal syndrome known as delirium tremens (DTs). DTs can include visual hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and autonomic hyperactivity.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Lithium is a mood stabilizer commonly used to treat bipolar disorder. It helps to regulate mood swings, prevent manic episodes, and reduce the risk of depressive episodes.

Choice B rationale:

Donepezil is not used to treat bipolar disorder. It is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor primarily used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

Choice C rationale:

Valproate (Depakote) is another mood stabilizer used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It can help manage both manic and depressive episodes, as well as prevent future mood swings.

Choice D rationale:

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is an anticonvulsant medication that also has mood-stabilizing properties. It is often prescribed for individuals with bipolar disorder, especially those who do not respond well to lithium.

Choice E rationale:

Paroxetine (Paxil) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. It is not a primary medication choice for bipolar disorder.

A. Tardive dyskinesia. B. Acute dystonia. C. Pseudoparkinsonism. D. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is choice C. Pseudoparkinsonism.

Choice A rationale:

Tardive dyskinesia is a long-term side effect of antipsychotic medications characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, often around the mouth, such as lip-smacking, tongue protrusion, and chewing movements. It does not typically present with impaired gait and tremors.

Choice B rationale:

Acute dystonia involves sudden, severe muscle contractions, often affecting the neck, face, and back. Symptoms include twisting movements and abnormal postures, but it does not usually cause impaired gait and tremors.

Choice C rationale:

Pseudoparkinsonism is an adverse effect of antipsychotic medications that mimics the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, including bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, tremors, and postural instability. The impaired gait and uncontrollable tremors observed by the nurse are characteristic signs of pseudoparkinsonism.

Choice D rationale:

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic medications. It presents with symptoms such as high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction (e.g., unstable blood pressure, sweating). It does not typically present with impaired gait and tremors.

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A nurse is assessing a client who is withdrawing from alcohol. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply).

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing medication records for several clients who have bipolar disorder. The nurse should recognize that which of the following medications are used to treat clients who have bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse on a mental health unit observes a diagnosed schizophrenic patient on antipsychotics having an impaired gait and uncontrollable tremors. The nurse should recognize that which of the following adverse effects may be occurring?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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