A nurse is assessing a client who has taken omeprazole for over 10 years and recently reported experiencing severe muscle cramps. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse consider as possibly contributing to this issue?

Hypercalcemia

Hypomagnesemia

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Hypercalcemia: Elevated calcium levels are not commonly associated with long-term omeprazole use. Hypercalcemia typically presents with fatigue, constipation, and kidney stones rather than muscle cramps.

B. Hypomagnesemia: Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole can lead to decreased magnesium absorption, resulting in hypomagnesemia. Low magnesium levels can cause neuromuscular excitability, leading to severe muscle cramps, tremors, and even arrhythmias.

C. Hyponatremia: Sodium imbalances are not a known effect of omeprazole therapy. Hyponatremia usually presents with confusion, lethargy, and seizures rather than isolated muscle cramps.

D. Hyperkalemia: Elevated potassium levels are not typically caused by omeprazole. Hyperkalemia primarily affects cardiac function and may present with arrhythmias, not muscle cramps.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "The pump will not deliver any medication during the lockout period.": The lockout interval is a safety feature that prevents overdose by ensuring the pump cannot deliver additional doses until a set time has passed. Understanding this helps the client use the PCA safely.

B. "I should wait to push the pain button until the pain becomes severe.": PCA is most effective when the client administers medication at the onset of pain rather than waiting for it to become severe, as early administration prevents pain from escalating.

C. "My partner can push the pain button for me if I fall asleep.": Only the client should operate the PCA pump to prevent accidental overdose. Allowing someone else to push the button violates safety protocols.

D. "I will be asked to describe and rate my pain every 8 hours.": Pain assessment should be frequent, especially in the first 24 hours of PCA use, to adjust therapy and monitor effectiveness. An 8-hour interval may not provide timely information to manage pain effectively.

A. Weight gain B. Yawning C. Constipation D. Somnolence

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Weight gain: Opioid withdrawal typically causes weight loss due to decreased appetite and gastrointestinal upset, rather than weight gain.

B. Yawning: Frequent yawning is a common early manifestation of opioid withdrawal, reflecting autonomic hyperactivity and central nervous system changes as the body adjusts to the absence of the opioid.

C. Constipation: Opioid withdrawal usually causes diarrhea rather than constipation, as opioid-induced bowel hypomotility resolves when the drug is discontinued.

D. Somnolence: Withdrawal is associated with hyperactivity, anxiety, and insomnia rather than excessive sleepiness. Somnolence is more characteristic of opioid intoxication.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has taken omeprazole for over 10 years and recently reported experiencing severe muscle cramps. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse consider as possibly contributing to this issue?

Nursing Test Bank

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