A nurse is analyzing the laboratory data on a client who has dehydration. Which finding should the nurse anticipate in a client who has fluid volume deficit?

- A: A heart rate greater than 60/min indicates that the transcutaneous pacing is effectively maintaining a heart rate within a normal range, which is crucial for adequate cardiac output and systemic perfusion.
- B: While 2+ pedal pulses indicate good peripheral perfusion, they do not directly reflect the effectiveness of transcutaneous pacing in treating complete heart block.
- C: Pacer spikes should appear before the QRS complex to show that the pacing stimulus is being delivered appropriately. Spikes after the QRS complex suggest that the pacing is not capturing the heart effectively.
- D: Distended jugular veins would be more indicative of heart failure or fluid overload and do not directly relate to the effectiveness of pacing therapy.

A. To best hear the closing of the aortic heart valve, the nurse should place the diaphragm of the stethoscope at the second intercostal space, right sternal border. This is also known as the aortic area.
B. This is the tricuspid region, and defects with the tricuspid valve will be best heard in this area.
C. This is the mitral region and murmurs due to defects in the mitral valve will be appreciated here