A nurse is administering filgrastim, a bone marrow stimulant, to a client who has leukemia and is receiving chemotherapy that causes neutropenia. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of filgrastim?
Hypertension and headache
Diarrhea and abdominal pain
Fever and flulike symptoms
Bleeding and bruising
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Hypertension and headache are not common adverse effects of filgrastim, a bone marrow stimulant that is used to treat neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Filgrastim is a synthetic form of granulocyte colonystimulating factor (GCSF), a hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that fights infection, in the bone marrow. Hypertension and headache may be caused by other factors, such as stress, pain, or dehydration.
Choice B reason:
Diarrhea and abdominal pain are not common adverse effects of filgrastim, a bone marrow stimulant that is used to treat neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Diarrhea and abdominal pain may be caused by other drugs, such as antibiotics or antineoplastic agents, that affect the gastrointestinal tract.
Choice C reason:
Fever and flulike symptoms are common and usually mild adverse effects of filgrastim, a bone marrow stimulant that is used to treat neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Fever and flulike symptoms can occur because filgrastim stimulates the immune system and causes the release of cytokines, which are substances that mediate inflammation and immune response. The client should report these symptoms to the provider and receive appropriate treatment, such as acetaminophen, fluids, and rest.
Choice D reason:
Bleeding and bruising are not common adverse effects of filgrastim, a bone marrow stimulant that is used to treat neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Bleeding and bruising may be caused by thrombocytopenia, a condition that causes low platelet count and increases the risk of bleeding. Thrombocytopenia can be caused by chemotherapy, but it is not treated by filgrastim. Filgrastim does not increase the number of platelets in the blood, but it may increase the risk of splenic rupture, as more white blood cells can enlarge the spleen. The client should have their platelet count and spleen size monitored regularly and report any signs of bleeding or abdominal pain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Cardiotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA strands and prevents cell division. Cyclophosphamide is used to treat ovarian cancer, a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive organs. Cardiotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as anthracyclines and trastuzumab, which are used to treat other types of cancer.
Choice B reason:
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a common and potentially serious adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Hemorrhagic cystitis is inflammation and bleeding of the bladder, which can lead to infection, obstruction, and renal failure. Hemorrhagic cystitis is caused by the metabolite of cyclophosphamide, acrolein, which irritates the bladder lining. The nurse should administer mesna, a chemoprotective agent, to the client to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis. Mesna binds to acrolein and inactivates it, preventing it from damaging the bladder. The nurse should also encourage the client to drink plenty of fluids and void frequently to flush out the drug and its metabolites.
Choice C reason:
Nephrotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Nephrotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as cisplatin and methotrexate, which are used to treat other types of cancer.
Choice D reason:
Neurotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Neurotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as vincristine and paclitaxel, which are used to treat other types of cancer.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The liver is not the organ that is protected by amifostine, a chemoprotective agent, from nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin, a platinum compound that crosslinks DNA strands and prevents cell division. Cisplatin is used to treat lung cancer, a type of cancer that affects the respiratory system. The liver is not the primary target of cisplatin's toxicity, although it can cause hepatotoxicity in some cases. Amifostine does not prevent hepatotoxicity caused by cisplatin.
Choice B reason:
The kidneys are the organ that is protected by amifostine, a chemoprotective agent, from nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin, a platinum compound that is used to treat lung cancer. Nephrotoxicity is a common and potentially serious adverse effect of cisplatin, which can cause acute or chronic renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis. Nephrotoxicity is caused by the accumulation of cisplatin and its metabolites in the renal tubules, which leads to tubular damage and dysfunction. Amifostine can prevent or reduce nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin. Amifostine is a prodrug that is converted to an active form by alkaline phosphatase in the normal tissues, but not in the tumor tissues. The active form of amifostine scavenges free radicals and protects the renal cells from oxidative stress.
Choice C reason:
The heart is not the organ that is protected by amifostine, a chemoprotective agent, from nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin, a platinum compound that is used to treat lung cancer. The heart is not the primary target of cisplatin's toxicity, although it can cause cardiotoxicity in some cases. Amifostine does not prevent cardiotoxicity caused by cisplatin.
Choice D reason:
The lungs are not the organ that is protected by amifostine, a chemoprotective agent, from nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin, a platinum compound that is used to treat lung cancer. The lungs are the primary site of action of cisplatin, as it kills the lung cancer cells. Amifostine does not protect the lung cancer cells from cisplatin's cytotoxic effect, as it does not reach them in its active form. Amifostine does not prevent pulmonary toxicity caused by cisplatin.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.