A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is having a suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find for a client experiencing an acute MI? (Select all that apply.)

Orthopnea

Diaphoresis

Nausea

Headache

Tachycardia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A. Orthopnea is difficulty breathing while lying flat, and it is typically associated with heart failure or pulmonary conditions, not an acute MI.
B. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) is a common symptom of an acute MI due to the body's stress response to the myocardial injury.
C. Nausea can occur during an acute MI, particularly in women, as a result of the stress response or ischemia affecting the gastrointestinal system.
D. Headache is not a typical symptom of an acute MI. While it can occur due to stress or other factors, it is not a hallmark of myocardial infarction.
E. Tachycardia (increased heart rate) is a common response to an acute MI as the body attempts to compensate for reduced cardiac output and oxygenation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hypermagnesemia: This condition can cause muscle weakness or lethargy, but it is not typically associated with muscle cramping.
B. Hypocalcemia: Muscle cramping is a common sign of hypocalcemia, which can occur in acute pancreatitis due to the precipitation of calcium in the pancreas or the surrounding tissues. Hypocalcemia leads to neuromuscular irritability, causing muscle spasms and cramping.
C. Dehydration: Dehydration can lead to muscle weakness, but muscle cramping is more commonly associated with electrolyte imbalances like hypocalcemia.
D. Hyperkalemia: While hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness or even paralysis, it is not typically associated with muscle cramping.

A. Temperature B. Respiratory rate C. Blood pressure D. Heart rate

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Temperature is not directly used in the calculation of cardiac output. While fever can affect heart rate and cardiac output, it is not a primary factor in the calculation.
B. Respiratory rate is important for assessing overall respiratory status, but it is not a direct factor in calculating cardiac output.
C. Blood pressure is a useful measure of circulatory function but does not directly contribute to the calculation of cardiac output. Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output, but it is not a component in its calculation.
D. Heart rate is one of the key components in calculating cardiac output, along with stroke volume. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (beats per minute) by the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat). This provides the total amount of blood the heart pumps per minute.

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A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is having a suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find for a client experiencing an acute MI? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An acute pancreatitis patient who complains of muscle cramping. The nurse explains to the patient that is the typical sign and symptom of?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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