A nurse in a provider's office is reinforcing teaching about cigarette smoking with a client.Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching?

Choice A rationale:

This action requires intervention by the nurse. Antiembolic stockings should be smooth and free of creases to ensure even pressure distribution along the legs. Creases, especially if on the front of the legs, can lead to areas of increased pressure, which might compromise circulation and increase the risk of skin breakdown or clot formation.

Choice B rationale:

Applying the stockings before the client gets out of bed is correct. Antiembolic stockings should be applied before the client gets out of bed to prevent blood from pooling in the legs, which can help reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Choice C rationale:

Asking the client to point their toes before applying the stockings is a correct action. This helps in the proper fitting of the stockings and ensures they are applied smoothly without causing discomfort.

Choice D rationale:

Turning the stockings inside out (at least down to the heel) before applying them is a common technique to make it easier to position the stocking on the foot and leg properly. This method helps avoid excessive stretching of the stocking and ensures a better fit.

Choice A reason:

Natal Infant Pa Scale PS the Natal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) should not be used because is a pain assessment tool primarily used for preterm and term infants up to 6 weeks of age. It assesses facial expression, cry, breathing patterns, arm movements, and leg movements. While it can be used for some newborns, the PIPP is more suitable for assessing pain in newborns born before 37 weeks of gestation.

Choice B reason:

FACES pain rating scale The FACES pain rating scale should not be used because it is a visual scale that uses facial expressions to assess pain in children who can communicate using pictures of faces displaying different emotions. It is generally used for older children and not appropriate for newborns.

Choice C reason

The Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) is a pain assessment tool should be used because it is specifically designed for assessing pain in preterm and term newborn infants. It is commonly used for newborns who were delivered before 37 weeks of gestation or those who are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment.

Since the newborn in this scenario was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation, the PIPP would be an appropriate pain assessment tool to use. It considers specific physiological and behavioural indicators of pain in newborns and helps healthcare providers evaluate and manage pain in this vulnerable population

Choice D reason:

Visual analog scale (VAS) should not be used because the visual analog scale is a pain assessment tool typically used for older children, adolescents, and adults who can understand and provide a subjective rating of their pain intensity along a linear scale. It involves marking a point on the line corresponding to the level of pain experienced. Since newborns cannot communicate in this way, the VAS is not suitable for their pain assessment.