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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.

Exhibits

The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

Lactose intolerant,

Alcohol use

Smoking history

Phosphorous level

Activity level

Vitamin D level

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,F

Correct responses

A. Lactose intolerant: Lactose intolerance can lead to lower dairy intake, which may reduce calcium intake, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

B. Alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with calcium absorption and bone health, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

C. Smoking history: Smoking is associated with decreased bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis due to its negative effects on bone metabolism.

F. Vitamin D level: The client's vitamin D levels are below the recommended range. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health, so insufficient levels can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

The other factors are less directly related to osteoporosis risk in this client:

D. Phosphorous level: The phosphorous level is within the normal range and is not directly linked to osteoporosis risk.

E. Activity level: The activity level is not provided in the information; however, physical activity is generally important for bone health. If the client is sedentary, it could be a risk factor, but it's not specified here.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Cholesterol level: Elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for heart disease. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

B. History of hyperlipidemia: Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides. A history of hyperlipidemia indicates a pre-existing condition that can contribute to the risk of heart disease.

C. History of hypertension: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a significant risk factor for heart disease. It can lead to damage to the arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of the arteries) and other cardiovascular complications.

Explanation:

D. History of rheumatoid arthritis: While rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the joints, it is not a direct risk factor for heart disease. However, people with rheumatoid arthritis may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to inflammation.

E. Fasting glucose level: The fasting glucose level is related to diabetes rather than heart disease. However, diabetes is a significant risk factor for heart disease, so managing glucose levels is crucial for overall cardiovascular health.

F. Family history: While a family history of heart disease can contribute to an individual's overall risk, it is not a direct finding in the medical record that places the client at risk. The specific risk factors mentioned earlier (cholesterol level, history of hyperlipidemia, and history of hypertension) are more direct indicators of cardiovascular risk.

A. Combine the medications with the formula in the feeding bag. B. Dilute each crushed medication with warm water. C. Mix the medications together in a single syringe. D. Flush the NG tube with 5 mL of sterile water for irrigation prior to administration.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Combining medications with the formula in the feeding bag:

This is not recommended because it may lead to interactions between the medications and the enteral feeding formula. Medications may also adhere to the tubing or interfere with the absorption of nutrients from the feeding formula.

B. Diluting each crushed medication with warm water:

While diluting medications may be necessary for some drugs, it is not a general rule for all medications. Additionally, dilution with warm water may not be appropriate for all drugs, and the amount of water needed may vary. It's safer to use a standardized method, such as flushing the tube with sterile water.

C. Mixing the medications together in a single syringe:

This is generally not recommended because different medications may have incompatible properties or form precipitates when mixed together. Mixing medications in a single syringe can compromise the effectiveness of each medication and may lead to unpredictable reactions.

D. Flush the NG tube with 5 mL of sterile water for irrigation prior to administration:

Flushing the tube with sterile water helps ensure that the tube is clear of any residual formula, preventing potential interactions between the medication and the enteral feeding. It also helps clear the tube, reducing the risk of clogs or blockages. Using sterile water helps maintain aseptic technique.

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Exhibits The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

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Correct Answer is D

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.

Exhibits

The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)