A nurse assessing a client’s notes that the client has a constant leakage of small amounts of urine and a bladder that is distended and palpable. The nurse should associate these findings with which of the following types of urinary incontinence?

Reflex incontinence

Urge incontinence

Stress incontinence

Overflow incontinence

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Reflex incontinence occurs due to a neurological impairment where the bladder empties involuntarily without sensation of fullness (e.g., spinal cord injury). This client’s symptoms suggest retention rather than involuntary reflex voiding.

B. Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden, strong urge to urinate followed by involuntary leakage, typically caused by an overactive bladder. This does not match the description of small, continuous leakage with bladder distention.

C. Stress incontinence is due to weakened pelvic muscles, leading to urine leakage during activities like coughing, sneezing, or laughing. This does not describe constant leakage with a distended bladder.

D. Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder becomes overly full due to incomplete emptying, leading to continuous dribbling of urine. The presence of a distended and palpable bladder strongly supports this diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Parasites: Stool tests for parasites require ova and parasite (O&P) testing, not a guaiac test.

B. Bacteria: Detecting bacteria (e.g., C. difficile, Salmonella) requires a stool culture, not a guaiac test.

C. Steatorrhea: Fecal fat tests, not guaiac tests, detect steatorrhea (fat malabsorption).

D. Blood: The guaiac test (fecal occult blood test, FOBT) detects hidden blood in the stool, which may indicate colorectal cancer, ulcers, or gastrointestinal bleeding.

A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Calcium D. Albumin

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sodium: Measures fluid balance, not protein status.

B. Potassium: Related to muscle function, heart rhythm, and renal function, not protein synthesis.

C. Calcium: Bone and nerve function, not a protein marker.

D. Albumin: Best indicator of protein status because it reflects protein intake and synthesis. Low levels can indicate malnutrition, liver disease, or chronic illness.

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A nurse assessing a client’s notes that the client has a constant leakage of small amounts of urine and a bladder that is distended and palpable. The nurse should associate these findings with which of the following types of urinary incontinence?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Explanation

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