A community health nurse is providing education to help reduce musculoskeletal injuries in adults. What should the nurse include in these instructions? Select all that apply

Maintaining a body weight appropriate to height and frame

importance of regular exercise

Maintaining a safe home environment

Using proper body mechanics with lifting objects

Outing intake of dairy products

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A.   Maintaining an appropriate body weight helps reduce the strain on the musculoskeletal system, including joints and muscles. Excess weight can increase the risk of injuries, especially to weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips.
B.   Regular exercise helps to strengthen muscles, improve flexibility, and maintain healthy joints. It also promotes overall physical fitness, which can prevent injuries by improving body mechanics and resilience.
C.   A safe home environment can help prevent falls and accidents that could lead to musculoskeletal injuries. This includes ensuring that walkways are clear, using non-slip mats, and having proper lighting.
D.   Using proper body mechanics involves techniques such as bending the knees, keeping the back straight, and lifting with the legs rather than the back. This helps prevent strain and injuries when lifting heavy objects.
E.   Dairy products are a source of calcium and vitamin D, which are important for bone health. Reducing dairy intake could impact bone density if not compensated by other sources of calcium and vitamin D.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bones and soft tissues. It typically causes localized pain and tenderness in the area of the bursa, often in the shoulders, elbows, or hips.

B. Meningitis is an infection or inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (the meninges). It often presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, neck stiffness, and photophobia. The neck stiffness, particularly difficulty flexing the head forward (nuchal rigidity), is a classic sign.
C. Spondylitis refers to inflammation of the spine. It can present with chronic back pain and stiffness but is typically associated with long-term symptoms rather than acute systemic symptoms like fever and chills. Conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis can cause chronic back pain and stiffness but are less likely to present with acute fever and headache.
D. Arthritis is inflammation of the joints and can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the affected joints. While arthritis can affect the neck (cervical spine arthritis), it typically does not present with systemic symptoms such as fever and chills unless there is an associated infection or inflammatory process.

A. Coma B. Lethargy C. Obtunded D. Stupor

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Coma is a state of profound unconsciousness where the patient cannot be awakened and does not respond to any stimuli, including verbal commands or physical stimuli.

B. Lethargy is characterized by a state of drowsiness or fatigue where the patient may fall asleep easily but can be roused to respond appropriately when stimulated. The patient shows decreased alertness but is still capable of engaging with stimuli.
C. Obtunded refers to a state where the patient has reduced alertness and responsiveness. They may respond slowly and require increased stimulation to achieve a response. They are less aware of their environment and have dulled senses.
D. Stupor is a state of near-unconsciousness where the patient can only be awakened by vigorous or painful stimuli. They may not respond to verbal commands but may show some response to more intense stimuli.

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A community health nurse is providing education to help reduce musculoskeletal injuries in adults. What should the nurse include in these instructions? Select all that apply

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