A client with chronic renal failure is experiencing periorbital edema and swelling of the ankles and feet. Which complication should the nurse suspect based on these clinical manifestations?
Proteinuria
Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
Fluid overload
The Correct Answer is D
A. Incorrect. Proteinuria, or the presence of excessive protein in the urine, may be a symptom of kidney dysfunction, but it is not directly related to periorbital edema and swelling of the ankles and feet.
B. Incorrect. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, may cause muscle weakness and other symptoms but is not associated with the specific edema described.
C. Incorrect. Hypernatremia, or high sodium levels, may lead to symptoms such as thirst and confusion but does not typically cause peripheral edema.
D. Correct. Periorbital edema (swelling around the eyes) and edema in the ankles and feet are classic signs of fluid overload in chronic renal failure. The impaired kidney function in chronic renal failure leads to the retention of fluid and sodium in the body, resulting in edema.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Diabetes is strongly associated with an increased risk of chronic renal failure. Chronic kidney disease related to diabetes is known as diabetic nephropathy.
B. Correct. Diabetes is a leading cause of chronic renal failure. Uncontrolled high blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys over time, leading to kidney disease.
C. Incorrect. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of chronic renal failure. It is essential for individuals with either type of diabetes to manage their blood sugar levels to reduce the risk of kidney complications.
D. Incorrect. Chronic renal failure can be caused by various factors, but diabetes is a significant and common cause of kidney disease, especially in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for chronic renal failure. While the risk of kidney disease may increase with age, it is not something that individuals can control or change.
B. Incorrect. Gender is also a non-modifiable risk factor, as both males and females can develop chronic renal failure. It does not impact an individual's ability to modify their risk.
C. Correct. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for chronic renal failure. Smoking can damage blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the kidneys and an increased risk of kidney disease.
D. Incorrect. Family history of kidney disease is a non-modifiable risk factor. While individuals cannot change their family history, they can modify other lifestyle factors, such as smoking, to reduce their overall risk of kidney disease.
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