A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has poor gas exchange. Which action by the nurse would support the client's ventilation?

Encourage the client to sit up at the bedside in a chair and lean forward.

Have the client rest in bed with the head elevated 15 to 20 degrees.

Place the client in the Trendelenburg position with pillows behind the head.

Ask the client to rest in bed in a high- Fowlers position with the knees flexed.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Sitting up and leaning forward helps improve lung expansion and ventilation, which is beneficial for clients with COPD.

B. Elevating the head is helpful but not as effective as sitting upright for COPD clients who need to improve their ventilation.

C. The Trendelenburg position is not appropriate for improving ventilation in COPD patients.

D. While high-Fowler's may help in some situations, having the knees flexed can restrict the diaphragm and limit breathing capacity.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Chronic asymptomatic HIV infection refers to a phase with no opportunistic infections and higher CD4+ counts.

B. A CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/μL is abnormal and diagnostic of AIDS, not within the normal range.

C. The acute HIV infection phase occurs shortly after exposure, characterized by flu-like symptoms and high viral load, not opportunistic infections.

D. The presence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (an AIDS-defining illness) and a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/μL confirms a diagnosis of AIDS.

A. Potassium chloride B. Vitamin E C. Protamine sulfate D. Vitamin K

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Potassium chloride is used to treat hypokalemia, not as a warfarin antidote.

B. Vitamin E does not counteract warfarin’s effects and may increase bleeding risk.

C. Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin, not warfarin.

D. Vitamin K is the appropriate antidote for excessive warfarin, as it promotes the synthesis of clotting factors inhibited by warfarin.

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A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has poor gas exchange. Which action by the nurse would support the client's ventilation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client who has been anticoagulated with warfarin (Coumadin) has been admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding. The history and physical examination indicates that the client may have been taken too much warfarin. The nurse anticipates that client will receive which antidote?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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