A client who is transferred to the medical unit following a myocardial infarction has a prescription for a cardiac diet. The client points to the lunch tray and tells the nurse, “This hamburger has no flavor, it makes it hard to eat.” Which selection is best for the nurse to suggest the client use to improve the taste of the hamburger?

Pickles and yellow mustard.

Tomatoes and fresh horseradish.

Cheese and ketchup.

Bacon and mayonnaise.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice B reason:

Tomatoes and fresh horseradish are the best options to improve the taste of the hamburger while adhering to a cardiac diet. Tomatoes are low in sodium and provide vitamins and antioxidants. Fresh horseradish adds flavor without adding significant amounts of sodium or unhealthy fats. This combination enhances the taste of the hamburger without compromising the dietary restrictions necessary for heart health.

Choice A reason:

Pickles and yellow mustard can add flavor, but pickles are high in sodium, which is not suitable for a cardiac diet. High sodium intake can increase blood pressure and strain the heart, making this option less ideal.

Choice C reason:

Cheese and ketchup can improve the taste, but cheese is high in saturated fats and sodium, which are not recommended for a cardiac diet. Ketchup also contains added sugars and sodium, making this combination less suitable for heart health.

Choice D reason:

Bacon and mayonnaise are high in saturated fats and sodium, which are not appropriate for a cardiac diet. These ingredients can increase cholesterol levels and blood pressure, posing risks to heart health.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. An 89-year-old stroke victim with a fractured hip and dysphagia is at the greatest risk for nutritional deficits. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can severely limit the intake of essential nutrients, leading to malnutrition. Additionally, the advanced age and the physical trauma from the stroke and hip fracture further increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies and related health problems.

B. An obese 42-year-old male admitted for a hernia repair may have nutritional concerns, but obesity itself does not necessarily indicate a risk for nutritional deficits. While obesity can be associated with poor dietary habits, it does not inherently mean the individual is lacking essential nutrients.

C. A woman at 4-weeks gestation suffering from morning sickness may experience temporary nutritional challenges due to nausea and vomiting. However, this condition is usually transient and can be managed with dietary adjustments and medical advice, making it less critical compared to the other options.

D. A 6-year-old who had a tonsillectomy yesterday might have temporary dietary restrictions due to post-surgical pain and discomfort. However, this is typically a short-term issue and does not pose a long-term risk for nutritional deficits.

A. Avoid foods high in potassium. B. Restrict sodium-rich foods and excessive oral fluids. C. Eat a high-protein diet three times a day. D. Follow a low carbohydrate diet with low glycemic index foods.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice B reason:

Restricting sodium-rich foods and excessive oral fluids is crucial for managing glomerulonephritis. This condition involves inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, which can lead to fluid retention and high blood pressure. Limiting sodium intake helps reduce fluid retention and manage blood pressure, which is essential for protecting kidney function.

Choice A reason:

Avoiding foods high in potassium is important for some kidney conditions, but it is not the primary concern for glomerulonephritis. The focus should be on managing fluid and sodium intake to prevent complications.

Choice C reason:

Eating a high-protein diet three times a day is not recommended for glomerulonephritis, as excessive protein can strain the kidneys. The goal is to protect kidney function by avoiding excessive protein intake.

Choice D reason:

Following a low carbohydrate diet with low glycemic index foods can be beneficial for overall health, but it is not the primary dietary concern for glomerulonephritis. The focus should be on managing sodium and fluid intake to protect kidney function.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing the nutritional status of several clients. Which client has the greatest risk for health problems related to nutritional deficits?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with glomerulonephritis is preparing for discharge and asks the nurse which kind of diet to follow upon return. Which dietary teaching should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A high-protein diet is prescribed for an adolescent client who is anemic. Which lunch is best for this client?

A client who is receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy has lost 25% of total body weight and is having difficulty eating because of stomatitis. In planning care for this client, which diet should the nurse recommend?

A client tells the home health nurse about being very health-conscious and primarily buying groceries at health food stores and farmers’ markets. It is most important for the nurse to provide the client with information related to the safety of which of the foods that the client might purchase?

An adult female client arrives at the clinic for an annual physical exam expressing an interest in becoming pregnant and requests information about preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy. Which food should the nurse encourage the client to include in her diet?

One day following the delivery of her first child, an Asian American client refuses to eat the food on her dinner tray, reporting that the foods provided are “cold foods.” Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who needs to limit sodium intake. Which food should the nurse encourage the client to avoid?

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?