A client who is receiving intravenous amphotericin B for a fungal infection reports feeling dizzy and having chills and fever. The nurse should recognize that these manifestations indicate which of the following adverse reactions?

Infusion reaction is a common adverse effect of amphotericin B that occurs within 1 to 3 hours of starting the infusion and causes symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension.

A is incorrect because anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that causes symptoms such as urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock.

C is incorrect because nephrotoxicity is another adverse effect of amphotericin B that causes renal impairment and electrolyte imbalances.

D is incorrect because ototoxicity is an adverse effect of some antibiotics such as gentamicin and vancomycin that causes hearing loss and tinnitus.

Type I hypersensitivity reaction is also known as immediate hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis and occurs within minutes of exposure to an allergen. It involves the activation of mast cells and basophils that release histamine and other inflammatory mediators that cause vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, edema, and pruritus.

B is incorrect because Type II hypersensitivity reaction is also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity or antibody-mediated hypersensitivity and occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of cells and cause cell lysis or damage. An example of this type of reaction is hemolytic transfusion reaction.

C is incorrect because Type III hypersensitivity reaction is also known as immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity and occurs when antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues and cause inflammation and tissue damage. An example of this type of reaction is serum sickness.

D is incorrect because Type IV hypersensitivity reaction is also known as delayed hypersensitivity or cell-mediated hypersensitivity and occurs when sensitized T cells react with antigens and release cytokines that activate macrophages and cause inflammation and tissue damage. An example of this type of reaction is contact dermatitis.