A client has a family history of prostate cancer and is committed to regular screening. What should the nurse teach the client about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing?

"The PSA blood test is highly reliable at identifying prostate cancer."

"If you have a PSA blood test, you will not need a digital rectal examination."

"PSA blood tests should be performed annually starting at age 25."

"PSA can be elevated due to prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or infection."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: PSA isn’t highly reliable alone; false positives occur. It’s a screening tool, not definitive, requiring biopsy for diagnosis, making this inaccurate and less informative than explaining its broader causes for this client fully here.
Choice B reason: PSA complements, not replaces, digital rectal exam (DRE). Both detect cancer; PSA misses some tumors DRE finds, rendering this false and incomplete for teaching screening essentials to a committed client entirely here fully.
Choice C reason: Annual PSA at 25 is too early; guidelines suggest 50, or 40-45 with family history. This overstates frequency and timing, misguiding the client on evidence-based screening practices for prostate cancer risk comprehensively here.
Choice D reason: PSA rises with cancer, BPH, or infection, educating the client on its non-specificity. This accurate teaching supports informed screening with family history, clarifying why follow-up is key, making it the best response accurately here.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Paraphimosis involves foreskin retraction, not meatal position, and isn’t prostate-related. Dorsal urethral meatus points to a congenital defect, not this acquired condition, making it an incorrect concern for this genitourinary finding entirely here fully.
Choice B reason: Epispadias is a congenital dorsal urethral opening, a key concern in males. This abnormal positioning may cause urinary issues or infertility, making it the most significant finding requiring attention in this assessment accurately and comprehensively here.
Choice C reason: Urethral stricture narrows the urethra, not shifting its position dorsally. This acquired issue isn’t bladder-specific, misaligning with the congenital anomaly observed, excluding it as the primary concern in this genitourinary exam fully here.
Choice D reason: Age doesn’t reposition the urethral meatus dorsally; this is congenital, not degenerative. Normal aging affects prostate size, not meatal anatomy, rendering this less critical than epispadias as the identified issue in this case entirely here.

A. "Clench your teeth together tightly." B. "Open your mouth wide and say 'ah.'" C. "Look at me while I shine this light in your eye." D. "Close your left eye and look at me with your right eye."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Clenching teeth tests cranial nerve V’s motor branch, innervating mastication muscles like the masseter. This assesses strength and symmetry, directly evaluating trigeminal function, making it the precise instruction for this nerve’s motor assessment accurately here.
Choice B reason: Opening the mouth and saying “ah” tests cranial nerves IX and X, not V. This assesses gag reflex and palate movement, missing the trigeminal’s role in jaw strength, rendering it irrelevant to this specific nerve exam fully.
Choice C reason: Shining light in the eye tests cranial nerves II and III, not V. This checks pupil response, unrelated to trigeminal sensory or motor functions, excluding it from the assessment of jaw and facial sensation entirely here.
Choice D reason: Closing one eye and looking tests cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, not V. This evaluates eye movement, not trigeminal innervation of facial muscles or sensation, disconnecting it from the intended cranial nerve assessment fully here.

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A client has a family history of prostate cancer and is committed to regular screening. What should the nurse teach the client about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When performing a genitourinary assessment of an older male patient, the nurse notes that the urethral meatus is positioned dorsally. What is the most important concern the nurse identifies from their assessment?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A client has a family history of prostate cancer and is committed to regular screening. What should the nurse teach the client about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing?