A client has a family history of prostate cancer and is committed to regular screening. What should the nurse teach the client about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing?

"The PSA blood test is highly reliable at identifying prostate cancer."

"If you have a PSA blood test, you will not need a digital rectal examination."

"PSA blood tests should be performed annually starting at age 25."

"PSA can be elevated due to prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or infection."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: PSA isn’t highly reliable alone; false positives occur. It’s a screening tool, not definitive, requiring biopsy for diagnosis, making this inaccurate and less informative than explaining its broader causes for this client fully here.
Choice B reason: PSA complements, not replaces, digital rectal exam (DRE). Both detect cancer; PSA misses some tumors DRE finds, rendering this false and incomplete for teaching screening essentials to a committed client entirely here fully.
Choice C reason: Annual PSA at 25 is too early; guidelines suggest 50, or 40-45 with family history. This overstates frequency and timing, misguiding the client on evidence-based screening practices for prostate cancer risk comprehensively here.
Choice D reason: PSA rises with cancer, BPH, or infection, educating the client on its non-specificity. This accurate teaching supports informed screening with family history, clarifying why follow-up is key, making it the best response accurately here.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Auscultating for bowel sounds in the scrotum detects an inguinal hernia, where intestines protrude after coughing. This confirms the mass’s nature, making it the best method to assess this sudden scrotal enlargement accurately and directly here.
Choice B reason: Inspecting femoral hernia focuses on the thigh, not scrotum. Scrotal masses from coughing suggest inguinal hernia, misaligning this with the primary site, rendering it less effective for this specific assessment entirely and fully here.
Choice C reason: Standing may reduce some hernias, but disappearance isn’t diagnostic. Cough-induced scrotal mass needs auscultation for bowel sounds to confirm hernia, making this less precise than listening for intestinal presence comprehensively here fully.
Choice D reason: Abdominal palpation for pain assesses tenderness, not hernia type. Scrotal mass from coughing points to inguinal hernia, where auscultation directly identifies bowel, making this less specific for the scrotal finding entirely here fully.

A. Use an ophthalmoscope to view the optic disc and retina. B. Have the client move his eyes in the 6 cardinal fields of gaze. C. Use a tuning fork to see if the client can sense vibration on the closed eyelids bilaterally. D. Have the client turn his head to track the nurse's hand movement as it makes a 360 curve around the client's head.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Ophthalmoscopy checks cranial nerve II (optic), not III, IV, or VI. It visualizes the retina, missing the eye movement control these nerves govern, making it irrelevant to their motor function assessment entirely here fully.
Choice B reason: The 6 cardinal fields test cranial nerves III (eye movement, pupil), IV (superior oblique), and VI (lateral rectus). This single technique evaluates all three by tracking coordinated eye motion, making it the most efficient method accurately here.
Choice C reason: Vibration on eyelids tests sensation, possibly cranial nerve V, not III, IV, or VI. These nerves control eye movement, not sensory input, excluding this from assessing their motor roles in this neurological exam fully here.
Choice D reason: Head turning with hand tracking involves neck muscles and possibly cranial nerve XI, not just III, IV, VI. This dilutes focus on eye-specific movements, making it less precise for these cranial nerves’ assessment entirely here.

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A client has a family history of prostate cancer and is committed to regular screening. What should the nurse teach the client about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has sought care because of a sudden increase in the size of his scrotum after a cough. The nurse's assessment reveals the presence of a large scrotal mass. How can the nurse best assess for a scrotal hernia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is assessing cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6 (oculomotor, trochlear and abducens). Which technique might the nurse use to assess all three in one technique?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is performing a peripheral vascular assessment of an adult client. The nurse is palpating the client's peripheral pulses but knows that some are not palpable, even in healthy clients. What pulse is not palpable in a large proportion of healthy clients?

A nurse is caring for a client who has presbycusis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

The nurse has begun the objective assessment of a client's heart and neck vessels and is assessing the client's jugular veins. What finding would the nurse consider to be expected in a healthy client?

An older adult client has been admitted due to decreased cognition. What assessment finding is most suggestive of delirium as the cause of the client's cognitive impairment?

The nurse is conducting a focused neurologic assessment on an 81-year-old client. What finding below is an age-related neurologic change?

While examining a client's mouth the nurse notes the presence of fasciculations, fine tremors of the client's tongue. How should the nurse best respond to the assessment finding?