A 75-year-old female patient presented to the office for an annual wellness visit. During the nurse's assessment, the patient explains she has been experiencing bilateral knee pain for the past eleven months. Based on the duration of the patient's symptoms, how would the nurse categorize the patient's pain?

Acute Pain

Intermittent Pain

Chronic Pain

Idiopathic Pain

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
Acute pain is typically sudden in onset and is usually the result of a specific injury or illness. It is characterized by its sharp quality and tends to last for a short duration, generally not longer than six months. Since the patient's knee pain has persisted for eleven months, it does not fall under the category of acute pain.
Choice B reason:
Intermittent pain is pain that comes and goes at intervals. Although the patient's pain could be intermittent, the classification based on duration would not be described as intermittent. This term refers more to the pattern of the pain rather than its chronicity or cause.
Choice C reason:
Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists for longer than six months, often continuing even after the injury or illness that caused it has healed. The patient's bilateral knee pain has been present for eleven months, which exceeds the six-month threshold, thus categorizing it as chronic pain.
Choice D reason:
Idiopathic pain refers to pain that arises without a clear cause. It is not categorized based on the duration of the pain but rather on the absence of an identifiable underlying reason. Since the patient's pain has a specific duration, it is not appropriate to classify it as idiopathic without further information regarding its cause.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice a reason:
Obtaining and checking the needed equipment is essential before conducting a physical examination. This ensures that all necessary tools are functional and readily available, which facilitates a smooth and efficient assessment process. It also minimizes interruptions that could cause discomfort or anxiety for the client.
Choice b reason:
While turning on relaxing music of the client's choice may create a calming environment, it is not a standard procedure before a physical examination. Music preferences are subjective, and what is relaxing for one person may be distracting for another. Additionally, music could interfere with the ability to hear heart, lung, or bowel sounds during auscultation.
Choice c reason:
Identifying ways to ensure client privacy is a fundamental nursing responsibility. It respects the client's dignity and promotes a sense of safety and comfort. Privacy can be ensured by closing curtains, securing the area, and making sure the examination is conducted in a private setting.
Choice d reason:
Washing hands is a critical step before any physical examination. It is a primary measure for infection control, protecting both the nurse and the client from potential transmission of microorganisms.
Choice e reason:
Dimming the lighting to promote comfort is not typically recommended before a physical examination. Adequate lighting is crucial for the inspection phase of the examination, allowing the nurse to observe the client's general appearance, skin color, and other physical characteristics accurately.

A. Tympany B. Hyperresonance C. Resonance D. Dullness

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice a reason:
Tympany is a drum-like, resonant sound that is typically heard over air-filled structures, such as the gastric bubble, not the chest. It is not a sound associated with the lungs, especially in the context of COPD.

Choice b reason:
Hyperresonance is an abnormally loud, lower-pitched sound than normal resonance heard over hyperinflated areas of the lung, such as in cases of COPD. This is due to the increased air content within the lungs, often because of overdistension or destruction of alveolar tissue, as seen in emphysema, a common type of COPD.

Choice c reason:
Resonance is the normal sound heard over healthy lung tissue when percussed. However, in the case of COPD, particularly emphysema, the destruction of lung tissue leads to hyperinflation and thus a hyperresonant sound rather than the normal resonance.

Choice d reason:
Dullness is heard when fluid or solid tissue replaces air in the lung or occupies the pleural space, as in the case of pneumonia or pleural effusion. This is not characteristic of COPD, where there is an increase in air due to the breakdown of alveolar walls.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following should the nurse do before conducting a physical examination of a client? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A client with a history of COPD is being assessed. When the nurse percusses the client's chest, which characteristic sound is expected?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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