Which of the following is the function of a totipotent cell?
Fights infectious diseases.
Aids in the maturation of sex cells.
Carries electrical impulses.
Develops into any kind of cell.
Correct Answer : D
A totipotent cell can self-renew by dividing and develop into the three primary germ cell layers of the early embryo and into extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta.
A fertilized egg is a totipotent stem cell and as such can develop into any specialized cell found in the organism.
Choice A is not correct because totipotent cells do not fight infectious diseases.
Choice B is not correct because totipotent cells do not aid in the maturation of sex cells.
Choice C is not correct because totipotent cells do not carry electrical impulses.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.
When viruses cause an infection, they spread their DNA, affecting healthy cells’ genetic makeup and potentially causing them to turn into cancer.
For instance, HPV infections cause the virus’ DNA to combine with the host’s DNA, disrupting the normal function of cells.
Choice A is not correct because cancerous and normal cells sharing genetic sequences does not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Choice B is not correct because cellular DNA having sequences related to viral sequences does not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Choice C is not correct because viruses and cancer cells both replicating rapidly does not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A myocardial infarction affects the coronary blood vessels of the heart.
A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle 1.
Choice B is incorrect because the aorta is not a blood vessel of the heart.
The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Choice C is incorrect because the pulmonary blood vessels are not affected by a myocardial infarction.
The pulmonary blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Choice D is incorrect because the vena cava is not a blood vessel of the heart.
The vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Proteins.
Proteins are made up of amino acids which are organic molecules that contain both an amine functional group (–NH2) and a carboxylic acid functional group (– COOH).
Choice A, Lipids, is not the correct answer because lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
They do not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.
Choice B, Chitin, is not the correct answer because chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose.
It does not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.
Choice C, Cellulose, is not the correct answer because cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
It does not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels results in osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between the functioning of osteoclast and osteoblast cells.
Osteoblasts are responsible for forming new bone, while osteoclasts break down old bone.
If osteoblast activity declines while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels, this means that more bone is being broken down than is being formed, leading to a loss of bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Choice A is incorrect because an increase in osteocyte activity would not result in osteoporosis.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix.
Choice B is incorrect because a decline in osteoclast activity would not result in osteoporosis.
Osteoclasts break down old bone, so a decline in their activity would mean that less bone is being broken down.
Choice C is incorrect because an increase in osteocyte activity would not result in osteoporosis.
As mentioned earlier, osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The two major parts of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord and acts as the integration and command center of the body.
The PNS represents the conduit between the CNS and the body and is further subdivided into the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
Choice A is incorrect because it only mentions two subdivisions of the PNS, which are the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS).
Choice B is incorrect because it only mentions one major part of the nervous system, which is the PNS, and one subdivision of it, which is the SNS.
Choice D is incorrect because it only mentions one major part of the nervous system, which is the CNS, and one subdivision of the PNS, which is the ANS.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
ff.
In this cross, both parents are homozygous recessive for the smooth leaf trait
(ff).
This means that all of their offspring will inherit two copies of the recessive allele (f) and will therefore have smooth leaves.
Choice A.
FF x FF is not correct because both parents are homozygous dominant for the fuzzy leaf trait (FF) and all of their offspring will inherit two copies of the dominant allele (F) and will therefore have fuzzy leaves.
Choice B.
Ff x Ff is not correct because both parents are heterozygous for the leaf trait (Ff) and their offspring can inherit either one dominant allele (F) or one recessive allele (f) from each parent, resulting in a 3:1 ratio of fuzzy to smooth leaves. Choice D.
Ff x ff is not correct because one parent is heterozygous for the leaf trait (Ff) while the other is homozygous recessive (ff), resulting in a 1:1 ratio of fuzzy to smooth leaves in their offspring.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The best reason for the prolonged preservation of the body is that it was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
Freezing can preserve a body by slowing down or stopping the decomposition process.
Choice A is not correct because the food that the person ate would not have contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.
Choice B is not correct because the arrow wound would not have caused blood to flow out of the body in a way that would have cleared enzymes that break down tissue from the body.
Choice D is not correct because ultraviolet rays at high altitude would not have caused all of the body’s molecules to be preserved.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The corpus luteum is a structure that develops in the ovary after an egg has been released.
It secretes the hormone progesterone, which prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg to implant and helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy1.
Choice A.
Umbilical cord is not correct because it is a structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta and provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, but does not secrete hormones.
Choice C.
Oviduct is not correct because it is a tube that transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus, but does not secrete hormones.
Choice D.
Oocyte is not correct because it is an immature egg cell, but does not secrete hormones.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Plasma B cells.
Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells).
When an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature into a group of identical cells called a clone.
The mature B cells, called plasma cells, secrete millions of antibodies into the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
Choice A, Natural killer cells, is not the correct answer because natural killer cells are a type of white blood cell that play a major role in the host-rejection of both tumors and virally infected cells.
Choice B, Cytotoxic T-cells, is not the correct answer because cytotoxic T-cells are a type of white blood cell that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected (particularly with viruses), or cells that are damaged in other ways.
Choice D, Helper T-cells, is not the correct answer because helper T-cells are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the immune system by helping other white blood cells fight infections.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
As a result, the reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.
Choice B is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily result in the formation of a more desirable product.
Choice C is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily result in the release of a greater amount of heat energy by the reaction.
Choice D is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily increase the yield of product.
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