Which of the following is correct regarding the pH scale?
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4
Correct Answer : C
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral, while a solution with a pH less than 7 is acidic and a solution with a pH greater than 7 is alkaline.
Because the pH scale is logarithmic, each whole number change in pH represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity.
Therefore, a substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4.
Choice A.
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4 is not correct because it incorrectly states that the substance with a lower pH is more alkaline and also incorrectly states the magnitude of the difference in acidity or alkalinity.
Choice B.
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4 is not correct because it correctly states that the substance with a lower pH is more acidic but incorrectly states the magnitude of the difference in acidity.
Choice D.
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4 is not correct because it incorrectly states that the substance with a lower pH is more alkaline.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The two major parts of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord and acts as the integration and command center of the body.
The PNS represents the conduit between the CNS and the body and is further subdivided into the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
Choice A is incorrect because it only mentions two subdivisions of the PNS, which are the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS).
Choice B is incorrect because it only mentions one major part of the nervous system, which is the PNS, and one subdivision of it, which is the SNS.
Choice D is incorrect because it only mentions one major part of the nervous system, which is the CNS, and one subdivision of the PNS, which is the ANS.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The corpus luteum is a structure that develops in the ovary after an egg has been released.
It secretes the hormone progesterone, which prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg to implant and helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy1.
Choice A.
Umbilical cord is not correct because it is a structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta and provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, but does not secrete hormones.
Choice C.
Oviduct is not correct because it is a tube that transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus, but does not secrete hormones.
Choice D.
Oocyte is not correct because it is an immature egg cell, but does not secrete hormones.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Genes are used in the process of DNA sequencing to determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
Choice B.
Blood types is not the correct answer because blood types are determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells and are not directly related to DNA sequencing.
Choice C.
Hormones is not the correct answer because hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the body and are not directly involved in DNA sequencing.
Choice D.
Genes is the correct answer because genes are used in the process of DNA sequencing to determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The hypothesis should be modified to include the new findings that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.
A possible modification could be: “Parasitic worm infestation can have both damaging and beneficial effects on the host.
While it can cause harm, it has also been found to reduce the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.”
Choice A.
Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies that worm infestation completely prevents immune malfunction, which is not supported by the evidence.
Choice C.
Worm infestations exacerbate the body’s immune reactions is not correct because it contradicts the new findings that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.
Choice D.
Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies a causal relationship between lack of worm infestations and autoimmune disorders, which is not supported by the evidence.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Triple point.
In a phase diagram, the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously is the triple point.
The triple point is a unique point on a phase diagram where the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in equilibrium.
At the triple point, the temperature and pressure of the substance are fixed.
Option B, critical temperature, is the temperature at which a gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied.
It is a characteristic property of a substance and is typically higher than the boiling point of the liquid at standard pressure.
Option C, critical point, is the point on a phase diagram where the liquid and gas phases of a substance become indistinguishable.
At the critical point, the distinction between the liquid and gas phases disappears, and the substance becomes a supercritical fluid.
Option D, absolute zero, is the theoretical temperature at which all matter has zero thermal energy.
At absolute zero, all substances are in their solid state, but it is not relevant to a phase diagram, as it is a temperature where no transitions between states occur.
In summary, the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously in a phase diagram is the triple point, whereas the other options provided are not relevant or are characteristic properties of substances in different contexts.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Control.
A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation being tested and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.
The control group is used to minimize the effects of all variables except the independent variable.
This allows researchers to determine if changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable or if they are due to some other factor.
Choice A.
Responding is not the correct answer because it refers to the dependent variable, which is the variable that is being measured in an experiment.
Choice B.
Manipulated is not the correct answer because it refers to the independent variable, which is the variable that is being manipulated in an experiment.
Choice D.
Variable is not the correct answer because it refers to any factor that can change in an experiment and can include both independent and dependent variables.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
As a solid turns to a liquid, the particles become less ordered and more free to move around.
Choice B is not correct because particles have an increase in mobility as a solid turns to a liquid.
Choice C is not correct because particles move further apart as a solid turns to a liquid.
Choice D is not correct because intermolecular forces between particles become weaker as a solid turns to a liquid.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The best reason for the prolonged preservation of the body is that it was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
Freezing can preserve a body by slowing down or stopping the decomposition process.
Choice A is not correct because the food that the person ate would not have contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.
Choice B is not correct because the arrow wound would not have caused blood to flow out of the body in a way that would have cleared enzymes that break down tissue from the body.
Choice D is not correct because ultraviolet rays at high altitude would not have caused all of the body’s molecules to be preserved.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Diffusion down a concentration gradient causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli.
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration and is carried by the blood to the lungs to be exhaled.
In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood (where its concentration is high) into the alveoli (where its concentration is lower) down its concentration gradient.
Choice A is incorrect because carbon dioxide is not converted to carbon monoxide in the body.
Choice C is incorrect because passive transport using carrier proteins is not the primary mechanism by which carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli.
Choice D is incorrect because active transport using energy is not involved in the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The pleura is a double-layered serous membrane that covers each lung and lines the thoracic cage
The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory tract.
Its role is to cushion the lung and reduce any friction that may develop between the lung, rib cage, and chest cavity.
Each pleura (there are two) consists of a two-layered membrane that covers each lung.
The layers are separated by a small amount of viscous (thick) lubricant known as pleural fluid.
The pleura is comprised of two distinct layers: the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura.
The visceral pleura is the thin, slippery membrane that covers the surface of the lungs and dips into the areas separating the different lobes of the lungs (called the hilum).
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