Which of the following describes a genetic mutation that results in uncontrolled division of a single cell within the body?
Cancer
Gene therapy
Stem cell
Translation
Correct Answer : A
A genetic mutation that results in uncontrolled division of a single cell within the body describes cancer ¹. Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell division ¹. Its development and progression are usually linked to a series of changes in the activity of cell cycle regulators ¹. In most cases, these changes in activity are due to mutations in the genes that encode cell cycle regulator proteins ¹.
The other options are not correct because they do not accurately describe a genetic mutation that results in uncontrolled division of a single cell within the body. Gene therapy, stem cells, and translation are not processes that result in uncontrolled cell division.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Air resistance could be greater for A than for B.
Since both objects have the same mass but different times of fall, it suggests that there could be differences in air resistance affecting their fall rates. Object A took longer to fall, indicating that it might have experienced more air resistance compared to Object B.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction is that the reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time ¹. A catalyst is a chemical substance that affects the rate of a chemical reaction by altering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed ¹. This process is called catalysis ¹. A catalyst provides an alternative pathway for the reaction, one that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed pathway .
The other options are not correct because they do not accurately describe the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction. A more desirable product is not necessarily formed, a greater amount of heat energy is not necessarily released by the reaction, and the yield of product is not necessarily increased as a result of using a catalyst.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is d. Carbonic acid. When blood pH rises, carbonic acid can donate H+ ions to act as a buffer and help maintain the pH within a normal range. Carbonic acid is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water and reacts with it.
A. Oxygen is not responsible for donating H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood pH rises.
B. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that does not play a role in buffering blood pH.
C. Carbon dioxide can dissolve in water to form carbonic acid, which can then donate H+ ions to act as a buffer.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The apocrine gland is a component of the integumentary system that secretes pheromones. Pheromones are chemical signals that are released by an individual and can affect the behavior or physiology of other individuals of the same species.
The other options are not components of the integumentary system that secrete pheromones. The fossa ovalis is a depression in the interatrial septum of the heart, the seminiferous tubule is a structure in the testes where sperm are produced, and the dermal papilla is a structure at the base of a hair follicle that provides nutrients to the hair.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is d. A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale, which means that each change of one pH unit represents a tenfold change in the hydrogen-ion concentration. A substance with a pH of 3 has a hydrogen-ion concentration that is 10 times greater than that of a substance with a pH of 4.
A. A substance with a pH of 3 is not two times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4.
B. A substance with a pH of 3 is not 10 times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4.
C. A substance with a pH of 3 is not two times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The unknown genotype is Aa. This can be inferred from the Punnet square, which shows that half of the offspring are Aa and half are aa. This indicates that the unknown parent must have one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a), making its genotype Aa.
The other options are not correct because they do not match the results shown in the Punnet square. If the unknown genotype was aa or AA, all of the offspring would have the same genotype as their parent. If the unknown genotype was a, it would not be a valid genotype as it only has one allele.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Both digestion and absorption happen in the small intestine ¹. Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into small molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair ¹. The final products of digestion are absorbed from the digestive tract, primarily in the small intestine ¹.
The other options are not correct because they do not accurately describe where both digestion and absorption happen in the digestive system. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver, but does not play a direct role in digestion or absorption. The esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach, but does not play a direct role in digestion or absorption. The stomach plays a role in digestion by churning food and mixing it with gastric juices, but most absorption occurs in the small intestine.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Enzymes are a type of protein that catalyze chemical reactions in the body. Proteins are one of the four main classes of biological molecules, along with lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
The other options are not classes of biological molecules that include enzymes.Lipids are a class of molecules that includes fats and oils, vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition, and carbohydrates are a class of molecules that includes sugars and starches.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The myelin sheath is a protective membrane that wraps around parts of certain nerve cells.
Its fatty-protein coating provides protective insulation for your nerve cell like the plastic insulation covering that encases the wires of an electrical cord ².
This allows the electrical impulses to travel quickly and efficiently between one nerve cell and the next. The other options are incorrect because they do not describe the functions of the myelin sheath.
Regeneration, sensory perception, and nutrition are not functions performed by the myelin sheath for a nerve cell.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The tibia and fibula are located in the crural region of the body, which is the lower leg between the knee and ankle. The coxal region refers to the hip area, the antecubital region is the front of the elbow, and the tarsal region is the ankle and foot.
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