The component of an atom that possesses relatively little mass, thus being negligible in calculating the atomic mass number, is the:

Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube and not in the ovary, uterus, or cervical canal.

The pituitary gland produces prolactin, which regulates milk production

ATP is produced by a series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria. The mitochondria have a double membrane structure, with an inner membrane that is folded into cristae. These cristae contain the enzymes and proteins that are involved in the process of cellular respiration, which converts glucose and oxygen into ATP and carbon dioxide.

A chlorine molecule contains the fewest covalent bonds among the options provided. It consists of two chlorine atoms bonded together by a single covalent bond. Compared with the other options, ammonia has three covalent bonds, methane has 4 while water has 2.

Browning of the apple surface is due to the action of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. Lemon juice is acidic and lowers the pH of the apple's surface. This inactivates the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, which works best at a neutral pH. This in turn reduces the browning action on the apple.

The renal vein drains deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or polypeptide.

The inner lining of the uterus is the source of blood and mucosal tissue that is shed during menstruation.

Most of the carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the alveoli through the process of diffusion down a concentration gradient. In the lungs, there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood compared to the alveoli. Its molecules, therefore, move from an area of higher concentration (blood) to an area of lower concentration (alveoli) until equilibrium is reached. This is a passive process and does not require energy or carrier proteins.

a. Water boils to produce steam at 100°C - This is a phase change (from liquid to gas) and not a chemical reaction of water.

b. Water dissolves sugar - This is a physical change, not a chemical reaction of water.

c. Water produces gas with sodium metal - This reaction involves the chemical reaction of water with sodium metal to produce hydrogen gas.

d. Water and oil separate when combined - This is a physical separation, not a chemical reaction of water.