In the following data table of an experiment carried out at 4°C (39.2 F) over 4 hours
Solution in bag |
Solution outside bag |
Bag mass change (g): |
water |
Water |
-0.2 |
20% sucrose |
Water |
+2.4 |
, 40% sucrose |
Water |
+4.3 |
, 60% sucrose |
water |
+5.8 |
Which of the following options represents the dependent variable?
Duration
Temperature
Bag mass change
Solution used outside
Correct Answer : C
Bag mass change is the dependent variable in this experiment.
In an experiment, the dependent variable is the variable that is being measured and is expected to change in response to changes in the independent variable(s).
In this case, the bag mass change is being measured and is expected to change in response to changes in the independent variable (sucrose concentration).
Choice A is incorrect because duration is not a variable in this experiment.
Choice B is incorrect because temperature is not a variable in this experiment.
Choice D is incorrect because sucrose concentration is an independent variable, not a dependent variable.
An independent variable is a variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to see how it affects the dependent
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.
Since lithium has an atomic number of 3, it has 3 protons in its nucleus.
Choice A is not correct because 7 is the mass number of lithium, not the number of protons.
Choice C is not correct because 12 is not the atomic number or mass number of lithium.
Choice D is not correct because 4 is not the atomic number or mass number of lithium.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Proteins.
Proteins are made up of amino acids which are organic molecules that contain both an amine functional group (–NH2) and a carboxylic acid functional group (– COOH).
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Choice A, Lipids, is not the correct answer because lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
They do not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.
Choice B, Chitin, is not the correct answer because chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose.
It does not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.
Choice C, Cellulose, is not the correct answer because cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
It does not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The pleura is a double-layered serous membrane that covers each lung and lines the thoracic cage
The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory tract.
Its role is to cushion the lung and reduce any friction that may develop between the lung, rib cage, and chest cavity.
Each pleura (there are two) consists of a two-layered membrane that covers each lung.
The layers are separated by a small amount of viscous (thick) lubricant known as pleural fluid.
The pleura is comprised of two distinct layers: the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura.
The visceral pleura is the thin, slippery membrane that covers the surface of the lungs and dips into the areas separating the different lobes of the lungs (called the hilum).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Triple covalent bonds.
Nitrogen gas (N2) is an extremely stable molecule because it consists of two nitrogen atoms bonded together by a triple covalent bond.
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a molecule.
In a triple covalent bond, three pairs of electrons are shared between the two atoms, resulting in a very strong bond that makes the molecule extremely stable.
Choice A.
Ionic bonds is not correct because ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another to form ions, which are then attracted to each other due to their opposite charges.
Nitrogen gas does not contain ions and is not held together by ionic bonds.
Choice B.
Hydrogen bonds is not correct because hydrogen bonds are weak electrostatic attractions between molecules that contain hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms such as oxygen or nitrogen.
Nitrogen gas does not contain hydrogen atoms and is not held together by hydrogen bonds.
Choice C.
Resonance bonds is not correct because resonance refers to the delocalization of electrons in a molecule where multiple Lewis structures can be drawn to represent the molecule.
Nitrogen gas has a single Lewis structure and does not exhibit resonance.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The polarity of water molecules explains its solvent abilities for certain substances.
Water is a polar molecule because it has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end due to the unequal sharing of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
This polarity allows water to dissolve other polar substances and ionic compounds.
Choice A.
Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules is not the correct answer because kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.
Choice B.
High specific heat is not the correct answer because specific heat refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.
Choice C.
High surface tension is not the correct answer because surface tension refers to the cohesive forces between liquid molecules and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell, so water flows out of the cell through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane to balance the concentration gradient.
Choice A.
Facilitated diffusion is not correct because it is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of molecules across a membrane through specific transport proteins, but it does not specifically refer to the movement of water molecules.
Choice B.
Active transport is not correct because it is a type of transport that involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP, but osmosis is a passive process that does not require energy.
Choice D.
Diffusion is not correct because it refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, but it does not specifically refer to the movement of water molecules.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
ADH is then transported to the posterior pituitary gland via neurohypophysial capillaries, where it is stored until it is ready to be secreted into the circulation.
Choice A.
Pineal gland is not correct because it is a small endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Choice B.
Thymus is not correct because it is a gland located in the chest that produces hormones involved in immune system development, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Choice D.
Pancreas is not correct because it is a gland located behind the stomach that secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Urea is a substance that is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia.
When proteins are broken down, they produce ammonia, which is a highly toxic compound for the body.
Ammonia is then converted into urea and released out of the body through sweat glands.
Choice B.
Sebum is not correct because it is an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands to lubricate and protect the skin, but it is not related to the breakdown of proteins or the formation of ammonia.
Choice C.
Water is not correct because while it is a component of sweat, it is not specifically related to the breakdown of proteins or the formation of ammonia.
Choice D.
Lysozymes are not correct because they are enzymes found in tears, saliva and other body fluids that have antibacterial properties, but they are not related to the breakdown of proteins or the formation of ammonia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings.
It is important for new scientific findings to be published so that other scientists can review the research and either validate or disprove the findings.
This process of peer-review helps to ensure the accuracy and reliability of scientific research.
Choice A.
Scientists will get paid if their findings are published is not correct because while some scientists may receive funding or grants for their research, the primary goal of publishing scientific findings is not for financial gain.
Choice B.
Publishing findings will help scientists become more biased is not correct because the goal of publishing scientific findings is to share information and promote transparency, not to promote bias.
Choice D.
This prevents other scientists from performing similar tests is not correct because publishing scientific findings allows other scientists to build upon the research and perform further tests to validate or disprove the findings.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
As a solid turns to a liquid, the particles become less ordered and more free to move around.
Choice B is not correct because particles have an increase in mobility as a solid turns to a liquid.
Choice C is not correct because particles move further apart as a solid turns to a liquid.
Choice D is not correct because intermolecular forces between particles become weaker as a solid turns to a liquid.
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