In order to determine the effects of energy drinks on women's running speed, researchers gave 300 women an energy drink and then recorded the time it took each of them to run 2 miles. After collecting the results, researchers concluded that energy drinks increase the speed of running in

Which of the following further tests would best help to support this conclusion?

Correlation does not imply causation. Even if two processes are found to be correlated, it does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. It could be that they are both influenced by a third factor, or the correlation could be coincidental. Therefore, the study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes.

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands is important in serum calcium regulation. It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium into the bloodstream. PTH also enhances the absorption of calcium from the intestines and the kidneys.

The kidneys are the primary organs involved in the excretion of nitrogenous wastes. Nitrogenous wastes are mostly products of protein metabolism in the liver. One of the common nitrogenous waste products is urea, which is excreted through the kidneys.

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that carry them to the target organs. In contrast, endocrine glands secrete their products directly into the bloodstream, which carries them to target cells throughout the body.

Conducting the experiment with half the women taking water and the other half taking an energy drink creates a study and experimental group, which can allow for comparison and conclusion. The researchers can compare the effects of the energy drink directly with a baseline, and this helps to establish a cause-and-effect relationship and provides stronger evidence to support their conclusion.

Urea is a nitrogenous waste product that is produced when the liver breaks down proteins and amino acids. It is then excreted from the body via sweat.

Browning of the apple surface is due to the action of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. Lemon juice is acidic and lowers the pH of the apple's surface. This inactivates the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, which works best at a neutral pH. This in turn reduces the browning action on the apple.

The inner lining of the uterus is the source of blood and mucosal tissue that is shed during menstruation.

The experienced mountain climber is replicating the conditions of the past expedition to understand why that earlier attempt was unsuccessful.

This is because when a proton is emitted from an atom, the atomic mass decreases by one unit, and the atomic number decreases by one unit. The atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, if a proton is lost, both numbers decrease by one.