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Diabetes Mellitus in Children

- Understand the etiology of diabetes mellitus in children.

- Explain the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in children.

- Identify the clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus in children.

- Discuss the diagnostic evaluation of diabetes mellitus in children.

- Provide examples of commonly tested information in ATI/HESI nursing proctored MCQ exams in the topics above.

- Provide normal ranges for relevant parameters.

Questions on Diabetes Mellitus in Children

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This statement is more relevant to type 2 diabetes as it mentions a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This statement falsely claims that certain viral infections and dietary factors are the sole causes of diabetes in children. While these factors can contribute to the development of diabetes, they are not the sole causes, and this oversimplification doesn't accurately represent the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in children.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

<p>Environmental factors can also contribute to the risk of diabetes in children. These factors may include dietary choices, exposure to certain toxins, and lifestyle factors, among others.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Lack of physical activity can be a risk factor for diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, but it is not the primary factor associated with a family history of the disease. Lack of physical activity may contribute to the development of diabetes in individuals who are already at risk due to genetic factors or other lifestyle-related factors. It's essential to promote physical activity and a healthy lifestyle, but this is not the primary risk factor in the context of family history.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Diabetes is associated with viral infections, especially in certain cases. However, stating that diabetes is not associated with viral infections in any way is incorrect. Viral infections can sometimes trigger an autoimmune response that damages pancreatic beta cells or cause inflammation that affects insulin sensitivity. Therefore, it's essential to acknowledge the potential link between viral infections and diabetes, particularly in susceptible individuals.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Weight loss is often an early symptom of diabetes, and it occurs because the body is unable to properly utilize glucose for energy.

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Regularly monitor blood glucose levels to assess glycemic control. Regularly monitoring blood glucose levels is essential in managing diabetes. While it is a key aspect of diabetes care, it primarily falls under the category of physiological monitoring rather than a direct component of psychosocial assessment.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A glucose level ≥250 mg/dL one hour after a glucose load suggests uncontrolled diabetes. This statement is not part of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. While a glucose level of 250 mg/dL one hour after a glucose load is elevated, it is not used to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes. The diagnostic threshold is typically set at the two-hour mark.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

"This is a side effect of the medication you're taking.”. This response is not accurate. Increased hunger in diabetes is primarily related to glucose metabolism and insulin deficiency, not a medication side effect.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

"Eating as much sugar as you want won't affect your diabetes.”. This statement is false. Consuming excessive sugar can significantly impact blood glucose levels, and individuals with diabetes should be mindful of their sugar intake. Providing this information is essential for the child and their family to make informed choices.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

"Blood glucose monitoring is not necessary for managing diabetes in children.”. This statement is incorrect. Blood glucose monitoring is a crucial part of diabetes management, allowing the child and their healthcare team to make informed decisions about treatment and lifestyle adjustments.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>Avoiding follow-up appointments is not a suitable approach for DKA prevention. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are essential for monitoring and adjusting the diabetes management plan. Skipping follow-up appointments can lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels and an increased risk of DKA.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Avoiding sugary foods and drinks is important for DKA prevention, but this statement doesn't directly address the need for regular meals and snacks, which is the main focus of the nurse's teaching. While avoiding sugary items is crucial, overall dietary balance is essential.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

<p>An increase in pH is a significant indicator of DKA improvement. In DKA, the blood becomes acidic due to the accumulation of ketones and the decreased pH levels. An increase in pH levels suggests that the acidosis is being corrected, which is a positive sign in the management of DKA. Normal blood pH levels for children typically range from 7.35 to 7.45.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

No explanation

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Providing information on how to contact the child's healthcare provider if parents have any questions or concerns is essential. Open communication with healthcare providers is vital for ongoing support, guidance, and adjustments to the child's diabetes management plan.

<p>Accusing the child of not taking their medication correctly without proper evidence is not a good approach. It&#39;s important to investigate the medication changes and other factors before making such an assumption.</p>

The statement ”Fluid resuscitation depends on the child's age, not dehydration” is incorrect. Fluid resuscitation in DKA is based on the child's degree of dehydration and the severity of DKA, not solely on age. Children with DKA are at risk of severe dehydration regardless of their age, and flui

Neglecting to mention the risk of cerebral edema is not appropriate in DKA education. Cerebral edema is a severe complication of DKA that can be life-threatening. It is crucial to inform the patient and their family about this risk so they can seek prompt medical attention if symptoms occur. Neglect

Monitoring is not a standard procedure for all patients regardless of their condition. It is essential in DKA management, but it is not universally applicable to all patients. Monitoring is performed based on the patient's specific condition and treatment needs.

<p>Monitoring blood glucose and electrolyte levels is essential during the treatment of DKA. Frequent monitoring allows healthcare providers to assess the effectiveness of treatment, make necessary adjustments, and ensure the patient&#39;s safety. It helps in tracking the response to insulin therapy

<p>The correct answer is &quot;All of these&quot; because the care plan for a child with DKA includes interventions that address fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycemia, and complications. These interventions work together to stabilize the patient&#39;s condition and prevent further deterior

Potassium replacement is not done solely based on the client's request. It is a medical decision made by healthcare providers based on clinical assessment and laboratory values. Ignoring potassium replacement in DKA could lead to severe complications, so it is not a matter of personal preference.

Random and irregular meal times. Random and irregular meal times are not recommended for children with diabetes. Consistency in meal timing is crucial to maintain stable blood sugar levels. It helps synchronize food intake with insulin or medication administration, making it easier to control blood

"Children with diabetes only need short-acting insulin.”. This statement is not accurate. While short-acting insulin (rapid-acting) is necessary for mealtime coverage, it is not the only type of insulin children may need. Long-acting insulin is crucial for providing a basal level of insulin throug

"There is no need for regular follow-up visits to monitor glycemic control.”. Regular follow-up visits to monitor glycemic control are essential for children with diabetes. These visits allow healthcare professionals to assess the child's blood sugar management, adjust treatment plans as needed, a

Prolonged capillary refill time Prolonged capillary refill time is a sign of poor perfusion and can be associated with hypovolemia. However, it is not the primary concern in a patient with suspected DKA who is experiencing dehydration. The decreased urine output is primarily due to the loss of fluid

Ketonuria While ketonuria is often present in DKA, the finding of a blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL primarily indicates hyperglycemia. Ketonuria is assessed through urinalysis and relates to the presence of ketones in the urine, which is a common feature of DKA along with hyperglycemia.

Asserting that potassium replacement is not necessary in DKA management is incorrect. Hypokalemia is a well-recognized complication in DKA, and addressing it is a vital part of the overall treatment plan. Failure to replace potassium in a timely manner can lead to serious health risks, including car

Monitoring skin color is important to assess perfusion and oxygenation. In severe cases of DKA, there may be impaired tissue perfusion, resulting in pallor or cyanosis. Skin color changes can be an early indicator of circulatory compromise, and prompt action can help prevent complications associated

Insulin injections are typically given subcutaneously for routine diabetes management, but in the case of DKA, intravenous administration is the preferred route. Subcutaneous injections have a slower onset of action and may not be suitable for addressing the acute and severe hyperglycemia characteri
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