Which statement is true regarding Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs)?

Are caused by the SA node malfunctioning.

Treatment is only if the patient is symptomatic ORS remains narrow on EKG/ECG.

Two or more PVCs is considered Ventricular Tachycardia.

PVCs are harmless and do not require treatment.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

Incorrect. PVCs are not caused by a malfunctioning SA node. The SA node is responsible for initiating the normal heartbeat, while PVCs originate from the ventricles. The underlying cause of PVCs can vary, but it's not directly related to SA node dysfunction. Choice C rationale:

Incorrect. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heart rhythm originating from the ventricles, typically defined as three or more consecutive PVCs. Two PVCs in a row are usually classified as a couplet, not VT.

Choice D rationale:

Incorrect. While PVCs are often harmless, they can sometimes be associated with underlying heart disease or lead to complications, especially if they are frequent or occur in specific patterns. Therefore, careful assessment and potential treatment are necessary.

Choice B rationale:

Correct. Treatment for PVCs is generally only recommended if the patient experiences concerning symptoms or if the PVCs are associated with a risk of developing more serious arrhythmias. Additionally, the QRS complex on the EKG/ECG should be evaluated. A narrow QRS complex during PVCs typically suggests a less concerning origin within the ventricles, while a wide QRS complex may indicate a higher risk of complications.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Enlarged waist circumference is a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Excess abdominal fat, particularly visceral fat that accumulates around the organs, is strongly linked to insulin resistance, a hallmark of metabolic syndrome.

Visceral fat cells are metabolically active, releasing inflammatory substances and free fatty acids that can impair insulin's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. This leads to elevated blood glucose levels, a key feature of metabolic syndrome.

Research consistently demonstrates a strong correlation between waist circumference and metabolic syndrome. Studies have shown that even a modest increase in waist circumference can significantly increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Waist circumference is a simple and non-invasive measurement that can be used to assess abdominal obesity and identify individuals at risk for metabolic syndrome.

Choice B rationale:

Elevated systolic blood pressure (greater than 130 mmHg) is another key risk factor for metabolic syndrome. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications.

Multiple mechanisms contribute to the link between hypertension and metabolic syndrome:

Insulin resistance can lead to increased sodium retention by the kidneys, which can raise blood pressure.

Excess weight and obesity can also contribute to hypertension by increasing blood volume and placing strain on the heart.

Metabolic syndrome is often associated with chronic inflammation, which can damage blood vessels and further contribute to hypertension. Choice C rationale:

Decreased triglyceride level is not a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. In fact, elevated triglycerides are one of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.

Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. High levels of triglycerides can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Choice D rationale:

Elevated HDL levels are not a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. HDL cholesterol, often referred to as "good" cholesterol, helps to remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and protect against heart disease.

Low HDL levels are a common feature of metabolic syndrome and contribute to its associated cardiovascular risks.

A. Drowsiness or blurred vision B. Nervousness or paresthesia C. Throbbing headache and dizziness D. Tinnitus or diplopia E. Tinnitus or diplopia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Drowsiness and blurred vision are not common adverse effects of nitroglycerin.

While some individuals may experience mild drowsiness, it's not a primary concern.

Blurred vision is not typically associated with nitroglycerin use.

Choice B rationale:

Nervousness and paresthesia (tingling or numbness in the extremities) are not common adverse effects of nitroglycerin.

Some individuals may experience transient anxiety or nervousness, but it's not a characteristic side effect.

Paresthesia is more commonly associated with other medications or conditions.

Choice C rationale:

Throbbing headache and dizziness are the most common adverse effects of nitroglycerin.

They occur due to nitroglycerin's vasodilatory effect, which causes blood vessels to relax and widen.

This can lead to a temporary drop in blood pressure, resulting in headaches and dizziness.

The headaches are often described as throbbing or pulsating, and they typically occur in the frontal or temporal regions of the head.

Dizziness may be mild or severe, and it may be accompanied by lightheadedness or a feeling of unsteadiness.

Choice D rationale:

Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and diplopia (double vision) are not common adverse effects of nitroglycerin.

They may occur in rare cases, but they are not typically associated with its use.

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Which statement is true regarding Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Identify risk factors of metabolic syndrome. (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

A client with angina has been prescribed nitroglycerin. Before administering the drug, what potential adverse effects should the nurse inform the client about?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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