Which process leads to the development of a hypertensive crisis?
Activation of platelets
Activation of coagulation mediators
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system
Activation of rapid cell proliferation
The Correct Answer is C
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. When blood pressure is low, the kidneys secrete renin, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium and water retention and further raises blood pressure. When the RAS is overactivated, it can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which is a severe elevation of blood pressure that can damage organs and cause stroke, heart attack, or kidney failure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A hypertensive crisis is defined as a systolic blood pressure (top number) of 180 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure (bottom number) of 120 mm Hg or higher. A patient with a blood pressure of 190/137 meets this criterion and has a significantly elevated risk of organ damage and cardiovascular complications. A usual blood pressure of 170/110 indicates that the patient has chronic hypertension, which is a risk factor for hypertensive crisis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Excessive metabolic waste is a sign of end-stage renal disease, which is the final stage of chronic kidney disease that causes irreversible loss of kidney function and requires dialysis or transplantation to sustain life. End-stage renal disease can cause uremia, which is a buildup of waste products such as urea, creatinine, potassium, phosphate, and acid in the blood that can affect various organs and systems in the body.
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