Which of the following describes how a transmitted pathogen enters a new host in the chain of infection?

Correct answer: C
A. Taking aspirin within 12 hr of testing: Aspirin does not generally impact spirometry results.
B. Using sedatives within 1 hr of testing: While sedatives might affect breathing, they are not commonly noted as a significant factor for spirometry test preparation.
C. Exercising 2 hr prior to testing: Exercise can temporarily affect lung function, so it's advised to avoid vigorous exercise before a spirometry test to ensure accurate results.
D. Eating a heavy meal 4 hr prior to testing: Although a heavy meal might cause some discomfort, it is less likely to affect the spirometry results compared to exercise.

Correct answer: C
A. A steady pulse rhythm in a 16-year-old male patient. A steady pulse rhythm is normal and within the expected range for a 16-year-old male.
B. A pulse rate of 68/min in a 35-year-old female patient: A pulse rate of 68/min is within the normal resting heart rate range for a 35-year-old female (60-100/min).
C. A bounding pulse volume in a 56-year-old male patient: A bounding pulse volume indicates an unusually strong pulse, which could be a sign of hypertension or other circulatory issues and should be reported.
D. A pulse rate of 120/min in a 22-year-old female patient: A pulse rate of 120/min is above the normal range (tachycardia) and should be reported, as it could indicate a cardiac or systemic problem.