When assessing an adult client experiencing diarrhea, the nurse notes a round "moon" face, a buffalo hump at the nape of the neck, and a velvety discoloration around the neck. What is the possible cause of these signs?

Bell's palsy

Myxedema

Cushing's syndrome

Scleroderma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Bell's palsy: Bell's palsy is characterized by sudden, unilateral facial weakness or paralysis. It does not cause the specific physical signs described in the question, such as a "moon" face, buffalo hump, or velvety discoloration around the neck.

B. Myxedema: Myxedema is associated with severe hypothyroidism and can lead to symptoms such as facial swelling and changes in skin texture, but it does not typically cause a round face, buffalo hump, or velvety neck discoloration. The velvety discoloration around the neck is more characteristic of insulin resistance rather than hypothyroidism.

C. Cushing's syndrome: Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol and is known for the characteristic signs described. A "moon" face, buffalo hump, and skin changes such as velvety discoloration (often termed "acanthosis nigricans") are hallmark features of this condition. These symptoms align with the body’s response to prolonged high levels of cortisol.

D. Scleroderma: Scleroderma involves skin thickening and tightening, primarily affecting the hands and face, but it does not typically cause a "moon" face, buffalo hump, or velvety neck discoloration. The changes in scleroderma are more related to skin fibrosis and less to the specific physical features listed.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Range of motion: Lateral bending of the spine is a movement used to assess the range of motion (ROM) of the spine, specifically the flexibility and mobility of the thoracolumbar region. By asking the client to perform lateral bends, the nurse can evaluate the extent to which the client can bend sideways and assess any limitations or discomfort in the movement.
B) Diaphragmatic excursion: Diaphragmatic excursion refers to the movement of the diaphragm during respiration and is assessed through techniques like percussion and auscultation of the lungs. Lateral bending of the spine does not provide information about diaphragmatic movement.
C) Spinous processes: The spinous processes of the vertebrae can be palpated to assess alignment and tenderness, but lateral bending does not specifically assess the spinous processes. It focuses more on the overall mobility of the spine.
D) Spinal deformities: While lateral bending can reveal limitations in spinal movement that might suggest underlying spinal deformities, it is not a primary diagnostic tool for identifying specific deformities. Other assessments, such as inspection and palpation of the spine, X-rays, or physical

A. Lordosis B. Kyphosis C. Keratosis D. Scoliosis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Lordosis: Lordosis refers to an increased inward curvature of the lumbar spine. During pregnancy, this curvature often increases to help compensate for the growing uterus and shift the center of gravity. This adjustment helps maintain balance and alignment but can lead to noticeable changes in posture.
B) Kyphosis: Kyphosis is characterized by an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine, resulting in a hunchback appearance. It is not related to the increased lumbar curvature seen during pregnancy.
C) Keratosis: Keratosis refers to a condition involving thickening or hardening of the skin, such as actinic keratosis. It is unrelated to spinal curvature or changes associated with pregnancy.
D) Scoliosis: Scoliosis is a condition marked by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It does not specifically relate to the increased lumbar curvature that occurs during pregnancy due to the enlarging uterus.

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When assessing an adult client experiencing diarrhea, the nurse notes a round "moon" face, a buffalo hump at the nape of the neck, and a velvety discoloration around the neck. What is the possible cause of these signs?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

While assessing a client's musculoskeletal status, the nurse asks the client to perform lateral bends. Which of the following will this movement provide information about?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Increased lumbar curvature, which compensates for the enlarging uterus in pregnant women, is called what?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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