What is the primary cause of myocardial ischemia?
Idiopathic vasospasm.
Atherosclerosis.
Venous emboli.
Arterial emboli from a heart valve.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Idiopathic vasospasm, or spontaneous constriction of the blood vessels, can cause myocardial ischemia. However, this is a relatively rare cause compared to atherosclerosis.
Choice B rationale
Atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries, is the most common cause of myocardial ischemia. These plaques can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to ischemia.
Choice C rationale
Venous emboli, or blood clots that form in the veins, typically do not cause myocardial ischemia. These clots are more likely to cause problems in the lungs (pulmonary embolism) if they travel through the bloodstream.
Choice D rationale
Arterial emboli from a heart valve can cause myocardial ischemia, but this is less common than atherosclerosis. These emboli, or blood clots, can block blood flow to the heart muscle if they travel through the bloodstream.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Iron supplements for anemia do not typically interact with warfarin (Coumadin). Iron is a mineral that is essential for the production of red blood cells, and supplements are often prescribed to patients with anemia to increase their iron levels. While it’s important for healthcare providers to be aware of all medications and supplements a patient is taking, iron supplements are not known to diminish the effects of warfarin.
Choice B rationale
Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic medication used to treat fluid retention. It works by causing the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine. While furosemide can interact with other medications, it is not known to diminish the effects of warfarin.
Choice C rationale
Simvastatin (Zocor) is a medication used to control cholesterol levels. It works by slowing the production of cholesterol in the body to decrease the amount of cholesterol that may build up on the walls of the arteries and block blood flow to the heart, brain, and other parts of the body. Simvastatin does not typically interact with warfarin to diminish its effects.
Choice D rationale
Yaz (drospirenone/estradiol) is an oral contraceptive that contains estrogen. Estrogen can potentially increase the effects of warfarin, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, if a patient taking warfarin also takes Yaz, it could potentially diminish the effects of warfarin, making it less effective. This is why it’s important for healthcare providers to be aware of all medications a patient is taking, including oral contraceptives.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Anxiety is a common response to the stress of hospitalization and illness, especially in the context of a serious condition like ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
However, while anxiety can exacerbate physical symptoms and should be addressed, it is not the primary problem in this scenario.
Choice B rationale
Acute pain is a common symptom of STEMI, as the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen. However, the patient’s blood pressure and heart rate readings suggest a more immediate concern related to the cardiovascular system.
Choice C rationale
Decreased cardiac output is likely the priority problem for this patient. The patient’s low blood pressure (86/40 mm Hg) and high heart rate (132 beats/min) suggest that the heart is not pumping enough blood to meet the body’s needs, which is a direct consequence of the STEMI1. This can lead to organ failure and other serious complications if not addressed promptly.
Choice D rationale
Stress management is an important aspect of long-term care for patients with heart disease, as chronic stress can contribute to further heart damage. However, in the acute phase of a STEMI, the focus is on stabilizing the patient’s condition and preventing complications.
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