To prevent a urinary infection in an older adult patient who is in traction for a broken femur, the nurse would:

Choice A rationale

Organisms that cause the infection refer to the pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. In the context of pneumococcal pneumonia, the organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The lungs do not serve as the organisms; they are the site of infection.

Choice B rationale

Transmission of the disease involves the spread of pathogens from one individual to another. Pneumococcal pneumonia is transmitted via respiratory droplets, not the lungs serving as the transmission medium.

Choice C rationale

Mode of transfer refers to the mechanisms by which an infection spreads, such as direct contact, airborne, or vector-borne. The lungs are not a mode of transfer; they are the site of infection.

Choice D rationale

Reservoirs are places where pathogens live, grow, and multiply. In the case of pneumococcal pneumonia, the lungs act as a reservoir where the bacteria can grow and cause infection.

Choice A rationale

Keeping sterile gloved hands in sight, away from unsterile objects, maintains sterility by reducing the risk of accidental contamination.

Choice B rationale

Opening the wrapper of a sterile pack toward the body, starting with the proximal flap, increases the risk of contaminating the contents of the sterile pack, as the wrapper may touch unsterile clothing.

Choice C rationale

Avoiding coughing, sneezing, or talking near a sterile field is essential as respiratory droplets can introduce contaminants and compromise the sterility.

Choice D rationale

Avoiding reaching across or above a sterile field with bare hands or arms prevents contamination from skin cells or clothing particles that might fall into the field.