The nurse should explain that which of the following medications puts a client at risk for developing hyperkalemia?

Furosemide (Lasix)

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate)

Insulin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that typically causes the loss of potassium through the urine, thus putting clients at risk for hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
B. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps the body retain potassium. As a result, it can lead to hyperkalemia, especially in patients with kidney dysfunction or when used with other medications that increase potassium levels.
C. Sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate) is used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium for potassium in the intestines, thus lowering potassium levels. It does not contribute to hyperkalemia.
D. Insulin does not directly cause hyperkalemia; in fact, insulin administration can lower potassium levels by driving potassium into cells.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administration of IV antibiotics is not appropriate for this client, as there is no indication of an infection. The client's symptoms are consistent with fluid overload due to heart failure, not an infectious process.
B. Administration of IV diuretics is the priority intervention. The client is exhibiting signs of fluid overload, including jugular venous distention, crackles, and a bounding pulse. IV diuretics, such as furosemide, help reduce fluid volume, alleviate pulmonary congestion, and improve breathing.
C. Isotonic intravenous fluids would exacerbate the fluid overload and worsen the client's symptoms. This intervention is contraindicated in this scenario.
D. Laying the client supine with legs elevated is inappropriate for a client with heart failure and fluid overload, as it can increase venous return to the heart and worsen pulmonary congestion. Instead, the client should be positioned upright to improve breathing.

A. Hyperactive reflexes B. Extreme thirst C. Flattened T-wave on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). D. Hyperactive bowel sounds

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hyperactive reflexes are not typically associated with hypokalemia. In fact, hypokalemia can lead to hyporeflexia (decreased reflexes) due to the role of potassium in nerve function.
B. Extreme thirst is more commonly associated with hypernatremia or dehydration, not specifically with hypokalemia.
C. A flattened T-wave on an ECG is a classic sign of hypokalemia. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrical activity of the heart, and low potassium levels can cause changes in the ECG, including a flattened T-wave.
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds are typically seen in conditions like gastroenteritis or early bowel obstruction, not directly related to hypokalemia. In fact, hypokalemia can sometimes lead to hypoactive or absent bowel sounds due to its effect on smooth muscle function.

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The nurse should explain that which of the following medications puts a client at risk for developing hyperkalemia?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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