The nurse is observing a patient using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to aid in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following actions, performed by the patient, indicate that further instruction is needed?

The patient shakes the MDI before using

The patient exhales before starting to use the MDI

The patient inspires rapidly when dispensing the medication from the MDI

The patient holds their breath for 10 seconds after inhaling from the MDI

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Shaking the MDI before use is correct technique as it ensures that the medication is properly mixed.

Choice B reason: Exhaling before using the MDI is proper technique as it prepares the lungs for inhalation of the medication.

Choice C reason: Inspiring rapidly when dispensing the medication is incorrect because it can cause the medication to deposit in the mouth or throat rather than reaching the lungs.

Choice D reason: Holding the breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication is correct technique as it allows the medication to settle in the lungs.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Large, bulky stools are not uncommon after a barium enema, as the barium can cause temporary changes in stool consistency and volume. This finding would not necessarily warrant immediate reporting to the healthcare provider unless there are other concerning symptoms.

Choice B reason: Three formed stools in eight hours may indicate increased bowel activity but is not an unusual finding after a barium enema. This would not typically be a cause for concern unless accompanied by other symptoms.

Choice C reason: Streaks of blood present in the stool is a concerning finding that should be reported to the healthcare provider. The presence of blood may indicate mucosal injury, inflammation, or other complications that need to be addressed promptly.

A. Encourage the patient to engage in moderate exercise to improve circulation. B. Advise the patient to apply warm compresses to the painful areas to reduce discomfort. C. Suggest the patient drink caffeinated beverages to stay alert and energized. D. Recommend the patient take cold showers to help reduce pain and swelling.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Encouraging the patient to engage in moderate exercise to improve circulation is not appropriate during a sickle cell crisis. Exercise can increase oxygen demand and exacerbate the crisis. Rest and avoiding strenuous activities are recommended.

Choice B reason: Applying warm compresses to the painful areas can help reduce discomfort and improve circulation. Warmth helps relax muscles and dilate blood vessels, providing relief during a sickle cell crisis.

Choice C reason: Suggesting the patient drink caffeinated beverages to stay alert and energized is not appropriate. Caffeine can cause dehydration, which can worsen the sickling of red blood cells. Maintaining hydration with water and non-caffeinated beverages is essential.

Choice D reason: Recommending cold showers to help reduce pain and swelling is incorrect. Cold can cause vasoconstriction, which can worsen pain and reduce blood flow to affected areas. Warm compresses are preferred.

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The nurse is observing a patient using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to aid in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following actions, performed by the patient, indicate that further instruction is needed?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient after a barium enema. When assessing the patient's subsequent bowel patterns and stools, what finding will the nurse report to the health care provider?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a patient who is experiencing a sickle cell crisis about non-pharmacological interventions to help alleviate symptoms. Which of the following interventions will the nurse recommend?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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