The nurse is educating a client who has been newly prescribed acarbose in addition to repaglinide for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Which statement made by the client indicates that the teaching has been effective?
“I will always carry glucose tablets or gels to treat episodes of hypoglycemia.”.
“I will take my medications first thing in the morning on an empty stomach.”.
“I should drink 6 oz. of orange soda if I feel nervous, sweaty, and lightheaded.”.
“These medications help with the release of insulin so I have to start taking shots.”.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Acarbose and repaglinide are medications used to manage blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Acarbose slows the digestion of carbohydrates in the gut, which helps to prevent spikes in blood glucose after meals. Repaglinide stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin. Both of these medications can cause hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar.
Therefore, carrying glucose tablets or gels is a good practice because they can quickly raise blood sugar levels during an episode of hypoglycemia.
Choice B rationale
Taking these medications on an empty stomach is not recommended. Acarbose should be taken with the first bite of each main meal. Repaglinide should be taken within 30 minutes before meals. Therefore, this statement does not indicate effective teaching.
Choice C rationale
Drinking orange soda to treat symptoms of hypoglycemia is not the best choice. While orange soda can increase blood sugar levels, it also contains other ingredients, like caffeine, that are not beneficial for people with diabetes. Glucose tablets or gels are a better option because they provide a fast-acting source of glucose and are easy to dose.
Choice D rationale
This statement is incorrect. While repaglinide does stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin, it does not mean that the person has to start taking insulin shots. Acarbose works by slowing the digestion of carbohydrates in the gut, not by affecting insulin release. Therefore, this statement does not indicate effective teaching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Omitted meals can lead to hypoglycemia, not diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is caused by a lack of insulin, not a lack of food intake.
Choice B rationale
Polydipsia and polyphagia are symptoms of hyperglycemia, not causes of DKA. They occur as the body tries to compensate for high blood sugar levels.
Choice C rationale
Not taking enough insulin is a primary cause of the development of DKA. Without enough insulin, the body begins to break down fat for fuel, which produces acids known as ketones.
Choice D rationale
An insulin overdose would lead to hypoglycemia, not DKA. DKA is caused by a lack of insulin, not an excess.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when blood sugar levels are extremely high. The primary treatment for HHS is intravenous fluids and insulin. Specifically, 0.9% saline solution IV is often used initially to restore volume and correct severe dehydration.
Choice A rationale
Administration of Glucagon is not the primary treatment for HHS. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels and would not be beneficial in a situation where blood glucose is already extremely high.
Choice B rationale
Dextrose 50% is a concentrated glucose solution and would not be appropriate in the treatment of HHS, where blood glucose levels are already dangerously high.
Choice C rationale
While IV fluids are a crucial part of the treatment for HHS, 0.45% Normal Saline (also known as half-normal saline) is a hypotonic solution and is not typically the first choice for fluid resuscitation in HHS. The preferred initial fluid is often 0.9% saline (normal saline), which is isotonic.
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