The nurse is conducting a focused neurologic assessment on an 81-year-old client. What finding below is an age-related neurologic change?

Impaired judgment.

Loss of remote memory.

Tremors accompanying intentional movement.

Lack of sensation in distal extremities.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Impaired judgment suggests frontal lobe pathology, like dementia, not normal aging. Age-related changes slow processing, not executive function, making this a disease sign, not a typical neurological shift in an 81-year-old fully here.
Choice B reason: Loss of remote memory indicates Alzheimer’s, not normal aging. Aging may slow recall, but long-term memory typically persists, excluding this as an expected age-related change in this neurological assessment entirely and accurately here.
Choice C reason: Intention tremors signal cerebellar disease, like Parkinson’s, not aging. Normal aging may reduce fine motor speed, but not cause action tremors, distinguishing this as pathological, not a standard age-related finding fully here.
Choice D reason: Reduced distal sensation, from nerve conduction slowing, is a common age-related change. Aging thins myelin, impairing peripheral nerves, making this the expected finding in an 81-year-old’s neurological exam accurately and comprehensively here.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Chronic rhinitis affects nasal passages, not oral cancer risk, which ties to tobacco, alcohol, or HPV. This question targets sinus issues, missing key carcinogenic exposures or immunosuppression linked to squamous cell carcinoma in the mouth entirely here.

Choice B reason: Immunosuppressive therapy, like post-transplant drugs, raises oral cancer risk by impairing immune surveillance against HPV or malignant cells. This directly identifies a major risk factor, aligning with health promotion goals to detect oral cancer precursors effectively and accurately.

Choice C reason: Dental visit frequency reflects care access, not specific oral cancer risks like smoking. It’s indirect, missing direct links to immunosuppression or carcinogens, making it less effective for pinpointing etiology in a health promotion context fully here.

Choice D reason: Chewing or swallowing difficulty may signal advanced cancer, not risk factors. It’s a symptom, not a preventive focus, unlike immunosuppression, which precedes disease, reducing its utility for early identification in this educational assessment entirely and clearly.

A. "The PSA blood test is highly reliable at identifying prostate cancer." B. "If you have a PSA blood test, you will not need a digital rectal examination." C. "PSA blood tests should be performed annually starting at age 25." D. "PSA can be elevated due to prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or infection."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: PSA isn’t highly reliable alone; false positives occur. It’s a screening tool, not definitive, requiring biopsy for diagnosis, making this inaccurate and less informative than explaining its broader causes for this client fully here.
Choice B reason: PSA complements, not replaces, digital rectal exam (DRE). Both detect cancer; PSA misses some tumors DRE finds, rendering this false and incomplete for teaching screening essentials to a committed client entirely here fully.
Choice C reason: Annual PSA at 25 is too early; guidelines suggest 50, or 40-45 with family history. This overstates frequency and timing, misguiding the client on evidence-based screening practices for prostate cancer risk comprehensively here.
Choice D reason: PSA rises with cancer, BPH, or infection, educating the client on its non-specificity. This accurate teaching supports informed screening with family history, clarifying why follow-up is key, making it the best response accurately here.

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The nurse is conducting a focused neurologic assessment on an 81-year-old client. What finding below is an age-related neurologic change?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is integrating health promotion education into the assessment of a client's mouth, nose and throat. What interview question is most likely to identify a risk factor for oral cancer?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client has a family history of prostate cancer and is committed to regular screening. What should the nurse teach the client about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with a wide-based, staggering, unsteady gait walks into the clinic. The gait would be correctly described as which of the following?

A client has sought care because of a sudden increase in the size of his scrotum after a cough. The nurse's assessment reveals the presence of a large scrotal mass. How can the nurse best assess for a scrotal hernia?

The nurse assesses thick, white plaques on a client's tongue and hard palate. Which of the following nursing actions should the nurse do next?

The nurse is reviewing a client's electronic health record before assessing her mouth. Which of the following diagnoses would the nurse recognize as an indication for immediate medical follow up?

A client presents with a cluster of upper airway complaints that include rhinorrhea. Which area of assessment would yield the most pertinent information to the etiology of rhinorrhea?

A decrease in tongue strength is noted on examination of a client. The nurse interprets this as indicating a problem with which cranial nerve?

The nurse has completed the assessment of the client's ears. A small/moderate amount of brown cerumen was found in both ears. Which action by the nurse is warranted?