The nurse is caring for a patient who becomes agitated when visitors stay for extended periods or the hospital unit becomes noisy. The nurse identifies this as sensory overload. Which interventions will be of benefit to the patient? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Emission is the process by which an object emits heat or light. For example, the sun emits heat and light to the earth.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Radiation is the process by which heat or light travels through space or air without direct contact. For example, the heat from a fireplace radiates to the room.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Convection is the process by which heat is transferred by the movement of a fluid, such as air or water. For example, the warm air from a heater rises and circulates in the room.

Choice D reason: This is correct. Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred by direct contact between two objects. For example, the heat from the warmed blanket is conducted to the patient’s skin.

Choice A reason: This is correct. Risk for injury related to smoking near supplemental oxygen is the priority nursing diagnosis for this family. Smoking near supplemental oxygen can cause a fire or an explosion that can injure or kill the patient and the spouse. The nurse should educate the family about the dangers of smoking near oxygen and provide resources to help the spouse quit smoking.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Risk-prone health behavior related to inability to quit smoking is a relevant nursing diagnosis for this family, but not the priority. Smoking is a harmful habit that can cause various health problems, such as lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. The nurse should assess the spouse's readiness to quit smoking and provide support and counseling.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Ineffective health maintenance related to continued use of cigarettes is a valid nursing diagnosis for this family, but not the priority. Smoking can impair the health of the patient and the spouse, especially if the patient has a respiratory condition that requires supplemental oxygen. The nurse should monitor the patient's and the spouse's vital signs, oxygen saturation, and respiratory status.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Ineffective family therapeutic regimen management related to noncompliance is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this family, but not the priority. Smoking near supplemental oxygen can indicate that the family is not following the prescribed treatment plan for the patient's condition. The nurse should evaluate the family's understanding of the patient's oxygen therapy and the reasons for noncompliance.