The caregiver whose newborn was newly diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) has questions about the disorder. Which statement made by the nurse is correct regarding PKU?
"A urine test can check the necessary lab values."
"Severe cognitive deficits can result with untreated PKU."
"The urine has a high concentration of phenyl pyruvic acid."
"The effects of PKU are reversible."
The Correct Answer is B
A. PKU is typically diagnosed through a blood test, not a urine test. The blood test measures phenylalanine levels, which are elevated in PKU.
B. Untreated PKU can lead to severe cognitive deficits and developmental delays due to the accumulation of phenylalanine, which is toxic to the brain. Early detection and treatment can prevent these outcomes.
C. In PKU, the urine does not typically contain high levels of phenyl pyruvic acid; it is the blood levels of phenylalanine that are elevated.
D. The effects of PKU are not reversible; however, with early and consistent treatment, such as a strict low-phenylalanine diet, the symptoms can be managed effectively.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Droplet precautions are typically used for infections transmitted through respiratory droplets, such as influenza or COVID-19. Since the symptoms described are more consistent with pyloric stenosis rather than an infectious disease, droplet precautions are not indicated.
B. The infant's symptoms are indicative of possible hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, a condition where the pylorus (the opening from the stomach to the small intestine) becomes narrowed, leading to forceful vomiting and dehydration. Surgical intervention, such as a pyloromyotomy, is often required to correct this condition.
C. The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale is used to assess pain in infants and young children who cannot verbalize their discomfort. Given the infant's fussiness and symptoms, evaluating pain is crucial to managing the infant's discomfort.
D. Monitoring intake and output is important in an infant with vomiting to assess for dehydration and ensure appropriate fluid balance. This is a key aspect of managing any vomiting-related condition and ensuring the infant receives adequate hydration.
E. In the case of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, thickened liquids are not recommended. The main treatment is surgical, and feeding modifications alone will not address the underlying condition.
F. A plain water enema is not appropriate for this infant’s symptoms. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis does not require an enema and may actually worsen the infant's condition.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Barrier creams should not be washed off with each diaper change; they should be left intact to protect the skin.
B. Cloth diapers can sometimes exacerbate diaper dermatitis due to moisture retention; disposable diapers may be better at wicking moisture away from the skin.
C. Talcum powder is not recommended due to the risk of inhalation, which can cause respiratory issues in infants.
D. Exposing the excoriated area to air frequently allows the skin to dry out, reducing moisture and irritation, which is beneficial in managing diaper dermatitis.
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