(Select all that apply):
A nurse is educating a group of clients with hemophilia about diagnostic evaluation.
Which tests are typically used to diagnose hemophilia?

Choice A rationale:

Hemophilia A and hemophilia B are both types of hemophilia, but hemophilia A is actually less common than hemophilia B.

The prevalence of hemophilia A is about 1 in 5,000 males, whereas hemophilia B occurs in about 1 in 25,000 males.

Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

Choice B rationale:

Hemophilia is not inherited through a defective gene on the Y chromosome.

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder, which means it is caused by a mutation in genes located on the X chromosome, not the Y chromosome.

This statement is incorrect.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is correct.

Males inherit hemophilia from their mothers who carry the defective gene on one of their X chromosomes.

However, it's important to note that females can also be carriers of the gene and can pass it on to their sons.

This statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is incorrect.

While it is very rare for females to have hemophilia, it is not impossible.

Females can inherit hemophilia if they have two affected X chromosomes or if they inherit one affected X chromosome and one affected Y chromosome.

Therefore, this statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice A rationale:

Genetic testing for the F8 or F9 gene mutations.

Rationale: Genetic testing for mutations in the F8 (Factor VIII) or F9 (Factor IX) genes is a critical diagnostic evaluation for hemophilia.

Hemophilia A is caused by mutations in the F8 gene, while hemophilia B is caused by mutations in the F9 gene.

Choice B rationale:

Prothrombin time (PT)

Rationale: PT is not typically used to diagnose hemophilia.

It primarily evaluates the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways, which are not directly related to hemophilia, which is a disorder of the intrinsic coagulation pathway.

Choice C rationale:

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Rationale: PTT is one of the key tests used to diagnose hemophilia.

It assesses the intrinsic coagulation pathway, and prolonged PTT results may indicate a bleeding disorder, including hemophilia.

Choice D rationale:

Platelet count.

Rationale: Platelet count is not a specific test for diagnosing hemophilia.

Hemophilia is a deficiency in clotting factors, not a platelet disorder.

Platelet counts are typically normal in individuals with hemophilia.

Choice E rationale:

Fibrinogen levels.

Rationale: Fibrinogen levels are not typically used to diagnose hemophilia.

Hemophilia is characterized by deficiencies in specific clotting factors (Factor VIII or Factor IX), and fibrinogen levels are not directly related to these factors.