How does hypoventilation affect the blood's pH?
Less H and HCO3 form, increasing the blood's pH.
More H and HCO3 form, increasing the blood's pH.
Less H and HCO3- form, decreasing the blood's pH.
More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.
The Correct Answer is D
More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.
Rationale: Hypoventilation is a condition where the breathing rate is too slow or shallow, resulting in insufficient removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. CO2 reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Therefore, when CO2 accumulates in the blood due to hypoventilation, more H2CO3 is formed, which lowers the blood's pH by increasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3-.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. When blood pressure is low, the kidneys secrete renin, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium and water retention and further raises blood pressure. When the RAS is overactivated, it can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which is a severe elevation of blood pressure that can damage organs and cause stroke, heart attack, or kidney failure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Hemodialysis is a type of dialysis that uses an external machine (an artificial kidney) to filter the blood of waste and excess fluid. Hemodialysis requires access to a large blood vessel, usually through an arteriovenous fistula or graft in the arm or leg.
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