Drugs can produce a wide variety of effects in addition to the desired pharmacological effect. Sometimes the drug dose can be adjusted so that the desired effect is achieved without producing undesired secondary reactions. Which are examples of this secondary action?

Spontaneous bleeding after taking an anticoagulant

Dizziness after starting an antihypertensive

Drowsiness after taking an antihistamine

Diarrhea after taking an antibiotic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Spontaneous bleeding after taking an anticoagulant is a secondary action that occurs due to the anticoagulant's effect on blood clotting, which is an undesired effect when it leads to excessive bleeding.

B. Dizziness after starting an antihypertensive is a common secondary action related to the lowering of blood pressure, which can lead to hypotension and resultant dizziness.

C. Drowsiness after taking an antihistamine is a well-known secondary action, especially with first-generation antihistamines, which can cause sedation as a side effect.

D. Diarrhea after taking an antibiotic is a secondary action that can occur due to disruption of the normal gut flora, leading to gastrointestinal upset. All these examples illustrate secondary effects of medications.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This statement is accurate as antiviral drugs primarily reduce the severity and duration of viral infections but do not prevent transmission to others.

B. The statement that "antivirals are the cure for viral infections" is incorrect, as most antivirals manage symptoms or reduce viral load rather than completely curing the infection, indicating a need for further instruction.

C. This statement is correct; following prescribed application guidelines for topical antivirals is essential to avoid skin irritation or decreased efficacy.

D. This statement is also correct, as using gloves or a finger cot is recommended to prevent contamination and protect the healthcare worker from exposure while applying topical antivirals.

A. nitroglycerin pm for angina B. furosemide 10 mg by mouth daily C. verapamil 80 mg by mouth three times a day D. acetaminophen 650 mg by mouth prn arthritic pain

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Nitroglycerin is contraindicated with erectile dysfunction medications such as sildenafil (Viagra) because both can cause significant drops in blood pressure when used together, potentially leading to severe cardiovascular complications.

B. Furosemide is a diuretic and does not have a direct contraindication with erectile dysfunction medications, although it may contribute to electrolyte imbalances.

C. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that does not directly contraindicate the use of erectile dysfunction medications but should be monitored for potential interactions affecting heart rate and blood pressure.

D. Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and does not pose a contraindication for erectile dysfunction medications.

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Drugs can produce a wide variety of effects in addition to the desired pharmacological effect. Sometimes the drug dose can be adjusted so that the desired effect is achieved without producing undesired secondary reactions. Which are examples of this secondary action?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nursing instructor has been teaching about antivirals, actions, and effects. The instructor realizes that a student needs further instruction when the student makes which statement?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A male client is concerned with the inability to have an erection and asks for medication to help with this problem. Which information in the client's medication record would contraindicate the client from being prescribed medication for this condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with hypertension has had their ACE inhibitor discontinued and an angiotensin II receptor blocker prescribed. What factor may have contributed to this change in medication?

An older adult client with hypertension has recently been prescribed a beta-adrenergic blocker and a thiazide diuretic. When educating the client about preventing and managing adverse effects, the nurse will provide which instruction?

Which patient should be advised by the nurse to avoid over-the-counter cold and allergy preparations that contain phenylephrine?

Convert to equivalents within the metric system. 250 micrograms to grams

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Interpret and spell the abbreviation: tid Enter the word only.

A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy. What should be the nurse's initial response?

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