community health nurse notes that six new cases of diabetes mellitus have been reported in the past 3 months. In the previous year, five cases were reported. The population of the community is 15,000 people. Which of the following is the prevalence proportion for the community?

Choice A reason: Recommending a seating arrangement for a child in a body cast is not a primary prevention activity, but rather a tertiary prevention activity. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of a disability or chronic condition and improve the quality of life of the affected individual¹.

Choice B reason: Lobbying for funding for health promotion efforts is a primary prevention activity, as it can help support the implementation of programs and policies that prevent diseases and injuries before they occur².

Choice C reason: Creating a plan of care for children who have a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is not a primary prevention activity, but rather a secondary prevention activity. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases or injuries early to prevent complications and progression¹.

Choice D reason: Organizing a program to promote skateboard safety is a primary prevention activity, as it can help prevent injuries and accidents among children who engage in this recreational activity³.

Choice E reason: Teaching a class about the risks of cigarette smoking is a primary prevention activity, as it can help prevent the initiation of tobacco use and its associated health consequences among children and adolescents⁴.

Choice A reason:Tracking rates of illness caused by infection among employees would help in detecting biological hazards rather than physical ones. While important, it does not directly relate to the detection of physical hazards such as noise, radiation, or temperature extremes.

Choice B reason:Measuring noise levels is a direct method for detecting potential physical hazards in the workplace. Excessive noise can lead to hearing loss and other health issues, making it a critical physical hazard to identify and mitigate.

Choice C reason:Identifying industrial toxins deals with chemical hazards. While these are significant concerns within a work environment, they are not classified as physical hazards, which are related to energy and matter.

Choice D reason:Surveying workers about job-related emotional stress is useful for identifying psychosocial hazards. These are important but distinct from physical hazards, which are tangible and can be measured with instruments.