Chylomicrons are secreted from the basal surface of the absorptive cells and taken into the lacteal in the villus.

A. Increased urine acidity: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) primarily affects water reabsorption in the kidneys, not urine acidity. It does not have a direct effect on the acidity of the urine.

B. Increased urine volume: ADH works to conserve water by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, which decreases urine volume.

C. Increased urine salinity: While ADH does increase water reabsorption, which could concentrate the urine, its direct action is on water retention, not specifically on increasing urine salinity.

D. Decreased urine volume: ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urine output. This is the direct and correct result of ADH action.

A. Lactate is produced during anaerobic metabolism (when oxygen is scarce) as a byproduct of glycolysis, but it is not the direct product of glycolysis itself.

B. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, specifically during the Krebs cycle, not glycolysis.

C. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.

D. Acetyl-CoA is formed from pyruvate during the transition step before the Krebs cycle, not directly from glycolysis.