Aron's father has been prescribed an oral hypoglycemic drug. Such drugs act:
As an insulin replacement.
To reduce insulin resistance.
To prevent the formation of glucose.
To decrease the body's need for glucose in body cells.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Oral hypoglycemic drugs are not used as insulin replacements. Insulin replacement is usually achieved through the administration of insulin injections or insulin pumps. These devices deliver the hormone directly into the body to help regulate blood sugar levels, especially in individuals with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes where insulin production is significantly impaired. Oral hypoglycemic drugs, on the other hand, work by different mechanisms and are primarily used for type 2 diabetes management.
Choice B reason: Many oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, work by reducing insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a condition where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. By improving the body's sensitivity to insulin, these drugs help lower blood sugar levels and improve glucose uptake by the cells. This mechanism is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes, where insulin resistance is a significant issue.
Choice C reason: Some oral hypoglycemic drugs, like metformin, do help in reducing glucose production by the liver. However, saying that these drugs "prevent" the formation of glucose is not entirely accurate. These drugs can inhibit gluconeogenesis, the process by which the liver produces glucose, thereby helping to lower blood sugar levels. However, this is only one aspect of their action, and they are not solely classified based on this mechanism.
Choice D reason: Decreasing the body's need for glucose in body cells is not a primary action of oral hypoglycemic drugs. These medications aim to regulate blood glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity, reducing glucose production in the liver, and sometimes increasing insulin secretion by the pancreas. The goal is to ensure that glucose is effectively utilized by the body's cells and that blood sugar levels are kept within a healthy range.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hepatic tumors, or liver tumors, are not the most common type of cancer in children. While they can occur, they are relatively rare compared to other types of childhood cancers.
Choice B reason: Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that primarily affects children and young adults. However, it is not the most common type of cancer in children. Osteosarcoma typically occurs in the bones around the knee and upper arm.
Choice C reason: Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children. It affects the blood and bone marrow and can cause symptoms such as fatigue, easy bruising, and frequent infections. There are different types of leukemia, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) being the most common in children.
Choice D reason: Brain tumors are the second most common type of cancer in children, but they are not as prevalent as leukemia. Brain tumors can cause symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and vision problems.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: The neck is the most common site where individuals with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) present with nontender enlarged lymph nodes. These lymph nodes are typically firm and rubbery in texture. The cervical lymph nodes are often affected first in HL, making the neck a primary area of concern for this type of lymphoma. Early detection and biopsy of these lymph nodes can help in diagnosing HL.
Choice B reason: While the abdomen can be involved in Hodgkin Lymphoma, it is not the most common initial presentation site. Involvement of the abdominal lymph nodes typically occurs at later stages of the disease. Enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen can be detected through imaging studies but are less accessible for physical examination compared to those in the neck.
Choice C reason: The kidney is not a typical site for lymph node involvement in Hodgkin Lymphoma. HL primarily affects the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues. Direct involvement of the kidney is rare and usually occurs in advanced stages of the disease.
Choice D reason: The spleen is a lymphoid organ that can be involved in Hodgkin Lymphoma, especially in more advanced stages. However, it is not the primary site where nontender enlarged lymph nodes are first detected. Enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) can occur due to the spread of HL, but the initial presentation is usually in the lymph nodes of the neck.
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