An older man in a cardiac rehabilitation exercise class refuses to participate in the cool-down phase of the activity. Consequently, 2 minutes later, he passes out but quickly regains consciousness. Which instruction does the nurse include in client teaching to reinforce the importance of cooling down after exercising to this man?

Baroreceptor function diminishes with age.

Sensory perception diminishes with age.

Cardiac output diminishes with age.

Mobility capacity decreases with age.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer because baroreceptor function diminishes with age, and this can affect the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate. Baroreceptors are sensory receptors that detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain to adjust the heart rate and blood vessel tone accordingly. When a person exercises, the blood pressure and heart rate increase to meet the increased oxygen demand of the muscles. When a person stops exercising, the blood pressure and heart rate should decrease gradually to return to the resting state. However, if a person does not cool down properly after exercising, the blood pressure and heart rate can drop suddenly, causing dizziness, fainting, or cardiac arrhythmias. This is especially true for older adults, whose baroreceptors are less sensitive and responsive to blood pressure changes. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the older man to cool down after exercising to prevent these complications.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because sensory perception diminishes with age, but this is not related to the importance of cooling down after exercising. Sensory perception is the ability to perceive stimuli from the environment, such as sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste. Sensory perception can decline with age due to various factors, such as age-related changes in the sensory organs, nerve damage, or diseases. This can affect the quality of life, communication, and safety of older adults, but it does not explain why cooling down after exercising is important.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because cardiac output diminishes with age, but this is not related to the importance of cooling down after exercising. Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, and it depends on the heart rate and the stroke volume. Cardiac output can decline with age due to various factors, such as age-related changes in the heart muscle, valves, or arteries, or diseases. This can affect the ability of the heart to meet the oxygen demand of the body, especially during exercise, but it does not explain why cooling down after exercising is important.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because mobility capacity decreases with age, but this is not related to the importance of cooling down after exercising. Mobility capacity is the ability to move and perform physical activities, such as walking, climbing stairs, or lifting objects. Mobility capacity can decrease with age due to various factors, such as age-related changes in the muscles, bones, or joints, or diseases. This can affect the functional status, independence, and well-being of older adults, but it does not explain why cooling down after exercising is important.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Changing facial expression is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes reduced facial expression or mask-like face. The client may have difficulty blinking, smiling, or showing emotions.

Choice B reason: Frequent movement is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes slowed movement or bradykinesia. The client may have difficulty initiating, continuing, or completing movements.

Choice C reason: Resting hand tremors is a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes rhythmic shaking of the hands, fingers, or other body parts. The tremors usually occur when the affected limb is at rest and may decrease when the client is performing tasks.

Choice D reason: Fast movements is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes impaired movement or dyskinesia. The client may have involuntary, jerky, or twisting movements that are often unpredictable and uncontrollable.

Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there is one choice that is a likely action to be observed during the assessment.

A. 2400 mL/day B. 1920 mL/day C. 3000 mL/day D. 1500 mL/day

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: 2400 mL/day is the recommended fluid intake for older adults, according to the National Council on Aging. This amount can help prevent dehydration, which can cause various health problems in older adults, such as urinary tract infections, constipation, confusion, and falls.

Choice B reason: 1920 mL/day is not enough fluid intake for older adults, as it is below the minimum requirement of 6-8 glasses of fluid a day, according to Age UK. This amount can increase the risk of dehydration and its complications in older adults.

Choice C reason: 3000 mL/day is too much fluid intake for older adults, as it exceeds the maximum limit of 10 glasses of fluid a day, according to The Conversation. This amount can cause overhydration, which can lead to hyponatremia, a condition where the sodium level in the blood becomes too low. Hyponatremia can cause symptoms such as nausea, headache, confusion, and seizures.

Choice D reason: 1500 mL/day is not enough fluid intake for older adults, as it is half of the recommended amount of 2400 mL/day, according to the National Council on Aging. This amount can increase the risk of dehydration and its complications in older adults.

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