Acid reflux into the esophagus ("heartburn") is the glomerular filtrate by the__________.
esophageal glands
pharyngeal constrictors
the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
the upper esophageal sphincter
The Correct Answer is C
A. Esophageal glands secrete mucus to lubricate the esophagus, but they do not cause acid reflux.
B. Pharyngeal constrictors are muscles that help in the swallowing process, not in preventing acid reflux.
C. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a ring of muscle that controls the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach. If the LES is weakened or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing acid reflux or "heartburn."
D. The upper esophageal sphincter controls the passage of food from the pharynx into the esophagus, but it is not involved in preventing acid reflux.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lactose; lactase: Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose, not the other way around.
B. Lipases; micelles: Lipases break down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol, not micelles. Micelles are formed as part of the digestion process but are not the substrate for lipases.
C. Peptidases; proteins: Peptidases (or proteases) break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. This is the correct answer.
D. Lactase; glucose: Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, not just glucose.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Minerals are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, not through lacteals.
B. Glucose is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through capillaries, not through lacteals.
C. Amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream through capillaries, not through lacteals.
D. Triglycerides are absorbed by the lacteals in the small intestine. Lacteals are lymphatic vessels that transport absorbed lipids (including triglycerides) from the digestive tract.
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