A teenager believes that she cannot cope without heroin and uses it to prevent withdrawal symptoms.

This teenager is in which stage of chemical dependency?

Choice A rationale
Failure to explore a client’s point of view is a nontherapeutic communication technique, but it’s not the most fitting description for the scenario. The nurse’s yawning and frequent glancing at the watch doesn’t necessarily indicate a lack of exploration of the clients’ perspectives.
Choice B rationale
Eliciting vague descriptions can be a nontherapeutic communication technique, but it doesn’t seem to apply in this context. The nurse’s actions don’t suggest that they are eliciting vague descriptions from the clients.
Choice C rationale
Failure to listen is the most appropriate answer. The nurse’s yawning and frequent checking of the watch during therapy time could indicate a lack of attention or interest in what the clients are saying, which can be perceived as failing to listen.
Choice D rationale
Failure to probe can be a nontherapeutic communication technique, but it doesn’t seem to apply in this context. The nurse’s actions don’t suggest that they are failing to probe or ask further questions.

Choice A rationale
Parents who were very lenient disciplinarians may not necessarily lead to conduct disorder in their children. While lack of discipline can contribute to some behavioral issues, it is not specifically associated with conduct disorder.
Choice B rationale
Harsh parental discipline and physical punishment can contribute to the development of conduct disorder. Children who experience harsh discipline may learn to use aggressive behavior as a way of dealing with conflict and may have difficulty developing pro-social behavior. This can lead to a pattern of violating the rights of others and societal norms, which is characteristic of conduct disorder.
Choice C rationale
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self, and behavior. While some individuals with conduct disorder may also have schizophrenia, the presence of schizophrenia does not necessarily indicate that an individual will develop conduct disorder.
Choice D rationale
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. It is not typically associated with the aggressive and rule-breaking behavior seen in conduct disorder.