A public health nurse is developing guidelines for management of a botulism outbreak. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

High-risk individuals should receive immunoglobulin E (IgE).

Implement airborne precautions for clients who have botulism.

Administer an aminoglycoside medication.

Rinse skin with soap and water following exposure to the botulism toxin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. High-risk individuals should receive immunoglobulin E (IgE): High-risk individuals do not receive immunoglobulin E for botulism. The treatment for botulism involves the use of antitoxin to neutralize the toxin, along with supportive care to manage symptoms.

B. Implement airborne precautions for clients who have botulism: Airborne precautions are not required for botulism because it is not transmitted through the air. Botulism is primarily contracted through ingestion of contaminated food or wound contamination, so standard precautions are generally sufficient.

C. Administer an aminoglycoside medication: Aminoglycosides are not indicated for treating botulism. The mainstay of treatment includes administering botulinum antitoxin and providing supportive care. Antibiotics may be necessary for any secondary infections but are not the primary treatment for botulism itself.

D. Rinse skin with soap and water following exposure to the botulism toxin: Rinsing the skin with soap and water after exposure to the botulism toxin is an appropriate action. This practice helps eliminate the toxin from the skin, reducing the risk of absorption and potential harm.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Avoid exposure to deer ticks: West Nile virus is transmitted through mosquito bites, not deer ticks. Avoiding ticks is important for preventing Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses, but it does not reduce the risk of West Nile virus.

B. Eliminate areas of standing water: Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, increasing the risk of West Nile virus transmission. Removing standing water from containers, birdbaths, and gutters reduces mosquito populations and helps prevent the spread of the virus in rural and urban areas.

C. Use a respiratory mask when cleaning bird coops: This is a preventive measure for diseases such as histoplasmosis, which is caused by inhaling fungal spores from bird droppings. It does not protect against West Nile virus, which is spread through mosquito bites rather than airborne transmission.

D. Plan outdoor activities after dusk: Mosquitoes that carry West Nile virus are most active at dawn and dusk. Engaging in outdoor activities during these times increases the risk of being bitten. Instead, individuals should limit outdoor exposure or use protective measures such as insect repellent and long clothing during peak mosquito activity.

A. Provide educational in-services for staff. B. Develop a MRSA protocol for implementation. C. Evaluate outcomes resulting from interventions. D. Conduct a chart review to evaluate precipitating factors of clients who develop MRSA.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Provide educational in-services for staff: While staff education is an important component of a quality improvement project, it is not the first action to take. Understanding the underlying factors contributing to MRSA infections should be the priority to ensure that educational initiatives are targeted and relevant.

B. Develop a MRSA protocol for implementation: Developing a protocol is necessary for guiding practice and reducing infections. However, it is essential to first gather data on existing practices and factors contributing to MRSA infections to ensure the protocol addresses specific issues.

C. Evaluate outcomes resulting from interventions: Evaluation of outcomes is a crucial step in the quality improvement process but occurs after implementing interventions. Initial actions should focus on identifying the root causes of MRSA infections before assessing the effectiveness of any interventions.

D. Conduct a chart review to evaluate precipitating factors of clients who develop MRSA: Conducting a chart review is the first action the nurse manager should take. This step allows for the identification of patterns and factors contributing to MRSA infections, providing valuable data that will inform the development of effective protocols and interventions tailored to the facility's needs.

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A public health nurse is developing guidelines for management of a botulism outbreak. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

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