A preschool-age boy in a daycare facility scratches his head frequently, and the nurse confirms the presence of head lice. The nurse washes the child's hair with permethrin shampoo and calls his parents. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the parents about treatment for head lice?

Choice A reason: Recommending that the parent bring the child in for immediate evaluation is not the best response by the nurse. This may cause unnecessary anxiety and expense for the parent and the child. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that relaxes the muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs. It is used to treat or prevent bronchospasm, or narrowing of the airways, in people with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is also used to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm. It is a quick-relief medication that can be used as needed when the child has difficulty breathing.

Choice B reason: Advising the parent that over-use of the medication may cause chronic bronchitis is not the best response by the nurse. This is not true and may discourage the parent from giving the medication to the child when needed. Chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD that causes inflammation and mucus production in the airways. It is usually caused by smoking or exposure to air pollution, not by albuterol. Albuterol does not cause chronic bronchitis, but it can help relieve the symptoms of bronchospasm in people who have it.

Choice C reason: Confirming that the medication helps to reduce airway inflammation is not the best response by the nurse. This is not accurate and may confuse the parent. Albuterol does not reduce airway inflammation, but it relaxes the muscles around the airways so that they open up and the child can breathe more easily. Albuterol is not an anti-inflammatory medication, but a bronchodilator. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, are used to prevent or reduce inflammation in the airways, but they are not quick-relief medications like albuterol.

Choice D reason: Assuring the parent that they are using the medication correctly is the best response by the nurse. This shows that the nurse understands the purpose and the proper use of albuterol and that the nurse supports the parent's decision to give the medication to the child when needed. The nurse should also educate the parent on how to use the inhaler device correctly, how to monitor the child's symptoms and peak flow, and when to seek medical attention if the child's condition worsens.

Choice A reason: Careful bathing and handling that avoids abdominal manipulation is the best intervention that the nurse can implement during the preoperative period. This is because Wilms' tumor is a rare kidney cancer that mainly affects children and can rupture or spread if touched or pressed. The nurse should avoid any unnecessary pressure on the abdomen and use gentle movements when bathing and handling the infant.

Choice B reason: Administering pain medication based on the FACES pain scale is not the best intervention that the nurse can implement during the preoperative period. This is because the FACES pain scale is a tool that helps children aged 3 and older to communicate their pain level by pointing to a face that matches their pain. However, the infant in this scenario is too young to use this scale and may not be able to express their pain verbally. The nurse should use other methods to assess the infant's pain, such as observing their behavior, vital signs and facial expressions.

Choice C reason: Including the prone position in the every 2 hour turning schedule is not the best intervention that the nurse can implement during the preoperative period. This is because the prone position, which is lying on the stomach, can increase the risk of rupture or spread of the tumor. The nurse should avoid placing the infant in this position and instead use other positions that are comfortable and safe for the infant.

Choice D reason: Giving antiemetic medications to prevent nausea and vomiting is not the best intervention that the nurse can implement during the preoperative period. This is because antiemetic medications are drugs that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery. However, the infant in this scenario has not yet undergone any of these treatments and may not have any symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The nurse should only give antiemetic medications if the infant shows signs of nausea and vomiting or if prescribed by the doctor.