A preschool-age boy in a daycare facility scratches his head frequently, and the nurse confirms the presence of head lice. The nurse washes the child's hair with permethrin shampoo and calls his parents. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the parents about treatment for head lice?

Take the child to a hair salon for a shampoo and a shorter haircut.

Rewash the child's hair following a 24-hour isolation period.

Wash the child's bed linens and clothing in hot soapy water.

Dispose of the child's brushes, combs, and other hair accessories.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Taking the child to a hair salon for a shampoo and a shorter haircut is not a good instruction that the nurse should provide. This is because a hair salon may not accept a child with head lice, as they can spread to other customers and staff. A shorter haircut may also not help to get rid of the lice or their eggs, which can attach to any length of hair.

Choice B reason: Rewashing the child's hair following a 24-hour isolation period is not a good instruction that the nurse should provide. This is because a 24-hour isolation period is not necessary or effective for treating head lice. Head lice do not survive long without a human host, and they do not spread through the air or by jumping. Rewashing the child's hair may also wash off the permethrin shampoo, which needs to stay on the hair for 10 minutes to kill the lice and their eggs.

Choice C reason: Washing the child's bed linens and clothing in hot soapy water is a good instruction that the nurse should provide. This is because head lice and their eggs can be transferred to the child's bedding and clothing through direct contact. Washing these items in hot water (at least 130°F or 54°C) and drying them on high heat can kill any remaining lice or eggs. Alternatively, the items can be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks to suffocate the lice.

Choice D reason: Disposing of the child's brushes, combs, and other hair accessories is not a good instruction that the nurse should provide. This is because it is not necessary to throw away these items, as they can be treated and reused. The nurse should advise the parents to soak the items in hot water (at least 130

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Encouraging the parents to rest when possible is not the first intervention that the nurse should instruct the mother to implement. While it is important for the parents to take care of themselves, the priority is to address the child's needs and comfort.

Choice B reason: Making a list of foods that the child likes is not the first intervention that the nurse should instruct the mother to implement. While it is important to maintain the child's nutrition and hydration, the child may not have an appetite due to the fever and inflammation caused by Kawasaki disease.

Choice C reason: Placing the child in a quiet environment is the first intervention that the nurse should instruct the mother to implement. This is because Kawasaki disease causes irritability and sensitivity to light and sound in the child. A quiet environment can help reduce the child's stress and discomfort.

Choice D reason: Applying lotion to hands and feet is not the first intervention that the nurse should instruct the mother to implement. While it is important to moisturize the skin and prevent cracking and infection, the lotion may not relieve the child's pain and inflammation.

A. Instill benzocaine otic drops regularly. B. Avoid any smoking inside the house. C. Give infant the full course of antibiotics. D. Schedule visit for pneumococcal vaccine.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Instilling benzocaine otic drops regularly is not a recommended practice for preventing or treating otitis media. Benzocaine is a topical anesthetic that can temporarily relieve ear pain, but it does not address the underlying cause of the infection. Moreover, benzocaine can cause allergic reactions, skin irritation, or methemoglobinemia, a condition that reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The nurse should instruct the caregiver to avoid using benzocaine otic drops unless prescribed by a health care provider.

Choice B reason: Avoiding any smoking inside the house is a good practice for preventing otitis media. Smoking can irritate the respiratory tract and impair the function of the cilia, the hair-like structures that help clear mucus and bacteria from the middle ear. Smoking can also increase the risk of respiratory infections, allergies, and asthma, which are associated with otitis media. The nurse should praise the caregiver for avoiding smoking and encourage them to maintain a smoke-free environment for the infant.

Choice C reason: Giving the infant the full course of antibiotics is a necessary practice for treating otitis media. Antibiotics can help eliminate the bacteria that cause the infection and reduce the inflammation and pain in the middle ear. However, antibiotics should be used only when prescribed by a health care provider, and the caregiver should follow the instructions carefully. The nurse should remind the caregiver to give the infant the exact dose of antibiotics at the right time and for the entire duration of the treatment, even if the symptoms improve.

Choice D reason: Scheduling a visit for pneumococcal vaccine is a preventive measure for otitis media. Pneumococcal vaccine can protect the infant from the most common strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes otitis media and other serious infections. The vaccine is recommended for all children under 2 years of age, and it is given in four doses at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. The nurse should verify the infant's immunization status and advise the caregiver to follow the recommended schedule for the pneumococcal vaccine.

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A preschool-age boy in a daycare facility scratches his head frequently, and the nurse confirms the presence of head lice. The nurse washes the child's hair with permethrin shampoo and calls his parents. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the parents about treatment for head lice?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the caregiver of an infant with recurrent otitis media. Which statement made by the caregiver should the nurse recognize as needing additional education about minimizing subsequent infections?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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