A patient with diabetes is starting on insulin therapy.
Which type of insulin will the nurse discuss using for mealtime coverage?
Lispro (Humalog).
Glargine (Lantus).
Detemir (Levemir).
NPH (Humulin N).
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Lispro (Humalog) is a rapid-acting insulin analog designed for mealtime glucose control. It begins action within 15 minutes, peaks in 1 hour, and lasts 2 to 4 hours. Its quick onset matches postprandial glucose spikes, enhancing glycemic control during meals and preventing hyperglycemia from carbohydrate intake.
Choice B rationale
Glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting basal insulin with no peak and prolonged action. It does not target mealtime spikes but provides steady glucose control over 24 hours. Its slow onset and constant release profile are unsuitable for immediate postprandial glucose management.
Choice C rationale
Detemir (Levemir) is a long-acting basal insulin, similar to glargine, with extended action for baseline glucose control. It lacks the rapid onset needed for mealtime management, making it inappropriate for postprandial hyperglycemia control, as observed in Lispro efficacy.
Choice D rationale
NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin with delayed onset and peak activity. It supports baseline glucose regulation but fails to address mealtime glucose control promptly. Its time profile does not align with the immediate needs of postprandial hyperglycemia management.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Keeping the patient NPO minimizes gastrointestinal motility and prevents further accumulation of intestinal contents, reducing the risk of perforation and worsening obstruction. Bowel rest is crucial in promoting resolution.
Choice B rationale
Nasogastric tube placement alleviates distention by decompressing the stomach and removing gastric contents, reducing vomiting and the risk of aspiration while improving patient comfort.
Choice C rationale
Rectal tubes are not effective in decompressing small bowel obstructions since the obstruction prevents material from reaching the rectum.
Choice D rationale
Frequent oral care prevents mucosal dryness and infection risk in patients who are NPO and receiving suction therapy, promoting overall oral hygiene.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Removing the external fixator for a shower could compromise stabilization of the fracture. External fixators are designed to be left in place to maintain proper alignment and provide structural support for healing bones. Removing the device could introduce unnecessary risks, including increased mobility and potential damage to the fracture site.
Choice B rationale
Prolonged bed rest is not indicated for patients with external fixation devices unless medically necessary. Prolonged immobility can lead to complications such as deep vein thrombosis, muscle atrophy, or joint stiffness. Mobilization should be encouraged as tolerated to support recovery.
Choice C rationale
Proper cleaning of pin insertion sites prevents infection, a major risk with external fixation devices. Using sterile technique to clean the sites daily reduces bacterial colonization. Monitoring for signs of infection such as redness or drainage is critical to avoid osteomyelitis or systemic spread.
Choice D rationale
Prophylactic antibiotics are typically administered perioperatively but are not continued until device removal unless there are specific complications. Prolonged antibiotic use can lead to antimicrobial resistance and should only be used as clinically indicated to prevent or treat infection.
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