A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease asks the nurse what the albuterol he is taking does. The nurse should inform the patient that albuterol is used to
prevent respiratory infections
decrease mucus production in the lungs
reduce inflammation in the airways
Improve airflow and relieve bronchospasms
The Correct Answer is D
A) Prevent respiratory infections:
Albuterol does not prevent respiratory infections. It is a bronchodilator, which means it works to relax and open the airways, improving airflow during episodes of bronchospasm (such as during an asthma attack or exacerbation of COPD). Respiratory infections are usually managed by other types of medications, such as antibiotics or antivirals, depending on the type of infection.
B) Decrease mucus production in the lungs:
While albuterol may help improve breathing and airway function by dilating the airways, it does not directly decrease mucus production. Albuterol works to relieve bronchospasms (tightening of the muscles around the airways), making it easier to breathe, but it doesn’t target mucus production. Some other treatments, like mucolytics or expectorants, are more directly aimed at reducing mucus in the lungs.
C) Reduce inflammation in the airways:
Albuterol is not an anti-inflammatory medication. Its main role is as a bronchodilator, which works by relaxing the muscles around the airways, relieving bronchospasm. Inflammation in the airways is a key component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but albuterol does not directly reduce this inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are typically used to address inflammation in COPD.
D) Improve airflow and relieve bronchospasms:
Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that works by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways in the lungs, which helps open them up and improves airflow. This action provides quick relief from symptoms of bronchospasm, such as wheezing and shortness of breath, making it the most appropriate explanation for its use in COPD patients.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Given:
Ordered dose of Diazepam: 4 mg
Concentration of Diazepam oral solution: 5 mg/5 mL
Step 1: Set up the proportion:
Desired dose (mg) / Volume to administer (mL) = Concentration (mg/mL)
Step 2: Substitute the values:
4 mg / Volume = 5 mg/5 mL
Step 3: Solve for the unknown volume:
Volume = 4 mg / (5 mg/5 mL)
Volume = 4 mg x (5 mL/5 mg)
Volume = 4 mL
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) They should not be abruptly stopped:
Beta blockers should not be abruptly discontinued because sudden withdrawal can lead to rebound hypertension, tachycardia, and even a risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with heart disease. Gradual tapering is recommended to allow the body to adjust and avoid these adverse effects.
B) They are safe to take with herbal medications:
Herbal medications can interact with beta blockers and alter their effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. For example, herbs like St. John's wort can decrease the effectiveness of beta blockers, while others like ginseng may increase the risk of side effects like high blood pressure. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any herbal supplements with beta blockers.
C) It isn't necessary to monitor lab results:
While beta blockers don't require regular lab tests for their direct effects, monitoring is important in certain patients, especially those with underlying conditions like heart failure, kidney disease, or diabetes. For example, monitoring renal function, electrolytes, and blood glucose may be necessary for patients who are taking other medications alongside beta blockers or who have coexisting conditions.
D) Taking over-the-counter medications is acceptable:
Many over-the-counter (OTC) medications can interact with beta blockers and affect their effectiveness or cause adverse effects. For example, decongestants (found in many cold medications) can raise blood pressure and counteract the effects of beta blockers.
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