A patient who has been taking esomeprazole reports a new onset of muscle cramps. Which of the following might be the cause of this symptom?

Hypocalcemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypercalcemia

Hyponatremia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hypocalcemia is correct because esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, can lead to decreased calcium absorption, resulting in low calcium levels, which can cause muscle cramps.

B. Hyperkalemia is incorrect; while potassium levels can be affected by various medications, muscle cramps are not typically associated with high potassium levels.

C. Hypercalcemia is incorrect as it refers to elevated calcium levels, which would not cause muscle cramps and could actually lead to muscle weakness rather than cramping.

D. Hyponatremia is incorrect; low sodium levels may cause other symptoms but are not specifically linked to muscle cramps in the same way as low calcium levels are.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Phenylephrine is a decongestant that can raise blood pressure, making it contraindicated for individuals with hypertension. Advising a patient with hypertension to avoid phenylephrine is essential to prevent potential cardiovascular complications.

B. While patients with diabetes should be cautious about certain medications, phenylephrine is not specifically contraindicated in this condition.

C. A 17-year-old female with an upper respiratory infection typically does not have contraindications for phenylephrine unless there are underlying conditions not mentioned.

D. Gout does not have a direct contraindication for phenylephrine use, so the patient may not need to avoid it unless other health issues are present.

A. "It's best to take small doses of decongestants several times daily rather than two larger doses each day." B. "You can probably expect to get relief within the next few days or a week at the longest." C. “Over-the-counter decongestants don't normally work; you'll likely need to get a prescription for something more effective." D. "You might find yourself more congested than ever as your body compensates for your use of these drugs."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Taking smaller doses of decongestants several times a day may be appropriate for some medications but does not address the risk of rebound congestion associated with prolonged use.

B. Expecting relief within a few days may not be realistic if the cold symptoms persist for 2 weeks, indicating a potential need for further evaluation.

C. OTC decongestants can be effective, and many patients find relief from symptoms without requiring a prescription.

D. Using decongestants for an extended period can lead to rebound congestion, where nasal passages become more congested once the medication is stopped, making this a crucial point for the nurse to communicate.

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A patient who has been taking esomeprazole reports a new onset of muscle cramps. Which of the following might be the cause of this symptom?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which patient should be advised by the nurse to avoid over-the-counter cold and allergy preparations that contain phenylephrine?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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