A nurse tells a patient that they will return in 30 minutes with their medication. The nurse returns 30 minutes later with the patient's medication. Which ethical principle is she demonstrating?

A. “Clients must always have a family member present during treatment to ensure their rights are protected.” Clients have the right to privacy and do not require a family member’s presence for treatment unless legally mandated (e.g., minors).

B. "Clients cannot be discharged without their consent, even if they are no longer a risk to themselves or others." Clients can be discharged when they are no longer a risk, even if they disagree, unless under a legal hold.

C. "Clients have the right to refuse medication unless a court order mandates it." Clients have the right to refuse treatment unless a court order requires medication for safety or competency.

D. "All client interactions must be recorded, even if they are informal and unrelated to their care plan." Only relevant, objective, and care-related information should be documented, as excessive documentation can violate privacy.

A. An adult client is confined with physical restraints after throwing chairs at other clients and staff. Physical restraints are highly restrictive and should be used as a last resort when safety is at risk.

B. An adolescent is taken to a secure, quiet room after threatening and lashing out at other clients and staff. Seclusion is restrictive but less so than physical restraints; however, other interventions should be attempted first.

C. An 8-year-old child is asked to return to their room after yelling at other children during a group therapy session. This is the least restrictive intervention, as it involves verbal redirection rather than confinement or medication.

D. An adult client is given clozapine, an antipsychotic medication, after punching a wall with their fist and telling everyone that they intend to hurt them. Medication can be restrictive when used for behavior control rather than for medical necessity.